Rights of Homosexuals Essay Example for Free

Rights of Homosexuals Essay Almost everyone knows Ellen DeGeneres—she is just the very famous TV personality who publicized her admission that she is a â€Å"homosexual,† even chronicling her daily life (in a very comical and amusing way) in a television show in the early 90’s. Even until now, she is still a famous person as she is now a much-acclaimed TV host with her own show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and is married—to a girl. Ellen’s story can be a proof of how far society and the press have openly accepted the homosexuals. Homosexual people can be pertained to both gay people (who are usually involved in a male-male relationship) and lesbians (who are in a female-female relationship). However, being â€Å"gay† can also be applicable to both male-male and female-female relationships and is now accepted more by the general public compared to the period before the 50’s. The visibility of the gay people is now so flamboyant that a person is left to wonder: â€Å"Was there a time when they were persecuted? † The answer to that question is a resounding â€Å"yes. † There was indeed a time when the gays and lesbians were thought of as a minority group in the most degrading way possible. It is surprising and amazing how they were once regarded as criminals and â€Å"mentally ill and immoral† (Gross xiv). Today however, they are now so accepted that shows, series, and movies are being produced and have become popular one after another. Their story of how they fought for visibility, recognition, and liberation from being closeted is worthy of a re-telling and a movie that can be surely made into a Hollywood hit. This paper will recount the important events and personalities which has made homosexual empowerment possible and the tremendous role that the media played in the whole thing. The Power of the Press Mass media is undeniably a very powerful force that has a great and influential impact in the daily lives of the people. Weather reports, economic and political news, fashion forecasts, music videos, commercials, and infomercials—the media holds a great variety and a vast amount of information which is being fed and devoured by the general public, and whether they like it or not, these information are affecting them on a personal and naturally, on a major scale, too. What is media exactly and what is its purpose? There are a great number of these speculations, but it actually depends on how it is being used and by who: â€Å"The purposes of communication have always remained the same: artists wish to entertain and stimulate; entrepreneurs aim to make money; governments and interest groups hope to inform or persuade; advertisers help to sell goods and ideas† (Cannon). Because of the media, communication to the greater and general public is faster and easier. Even if it is undeniable that the mass media has brought negative effects, there are still positive things which everyone should be and is grateful for. As what Buckingham has written in his report, the negative and positive effects are undeniably linked together, as what is expected from everything in the society today: The negative effects of media may be impossible to separate from their positive effects. Potential positive effects relate to learning and education, as well as processes such as social interaction, identity formation and cultural experience. Apparently ‘inappropriate’ content may also provide valuable opportunities for learning. In seeking to prevent negative effects, it is important to ensure that we do not also undermine or preclude the potential for positive effects. (3) There are a lot of things which people and the society should credit to media. Aside from the usual studies and researches that prove the effects and influences that it does to people (as that to Buckingham’s) that are both positive and negative, and the information (overload) that is happening on an almost daily basis, the media can also be credited to the fact that a lot of important historical events have happened because of them—they either made it such a big issue that it is impossible for people not to mobilize and address the conflicts or issues. Media (or the people from the press) have more than often put their lives on the line in order to inform the public about the truth that is happening around them. The press can perhaps be perplexing because they are just so powerful that they can mobilize the people when they tell the truth (or sometimes, their version of it) whether people want to hear it or not. Sometimes, they are even more so powerful that they can not tell the truth and keep the public in the dark. Almost many events that have happened globally are reported by the press, and sometimes, these events are even caused by the media. In addition, all these things that have happened in the past can still affect the present and the future. Harvey Milk and Matthew Sheppard for example are just two individuals whose advocacy and death was made known to the public television that it made thousands of people act against the discrimination to lesbian, gay and transgender people (Lacayo, Barovick, Cloud and Duffy). Their stories which have been so abuzz with controversies were so popular in the past, and yet, years later, people still look back to these two brave individuals and how their death has affected many. Hollywood, for instance, has even made a movie based on Harvey Milk and his advocacy for the equal protection for the gay and lesbian community. In simple terms, media has immortalized important historical events, and life-changing and influential people by talking about them that even in later years, people are still influenced by them. In short, media has played such a very important role in the people’s lives, and the best way to exemplify this conclusion is through a recount of the evolution and expansion of the gay rights which has been well chronicled by the press. The journey that the gay, lesbian, and transgender people have endured and lived through is such an agonizing story of death, sacrifices, and eventually, of freedom and respect. Homosexuality There has been a great confusion of the definition of who are the gay, lesbians, bisexuals, and the transgender. Vast studies and characterization can be used as a reference to define these people. Over the years, the description of gay, lesbians, bisexuals, and the transgender has also evolved along with their liberation and the development of their basic human rights. Homosexuality is not new and not a disease—according to today’s judgment, that is. However, decades ago, it was a different case altogether. In the past, gay people were defined by having relationships with people of the same sex—if one made out or has a â€Å"special friend† that is the same gender that he or she does, and then he or she is defined as a gay person. However, different groups suggest otherwise. Long ago, being a gay person meant that one is a â€Å"criminal, mentally ill, and immoral† (Gross xiv). There are different cases though as according to TIME Magazine, being a homosexual person has grounds based on â€Å"The Institute of Sex Research, founded by Alfred C. Kinsey, [which] defines a homosexual as anyone who has had more than six sexual experiences with a member of the same gender. † However, as of now, as human rights are being demanded by people of all groups, being a gay person is not so considered as a crime anymore—in many parts of the globe, that is. Homosexuality has become very apparent in the society nowadays that if a person is to declare him- or herself as gay (like Ellen DeGeneres for example), it is not such a big and horrifying issue, but it is still an issue. How far has the â€Å"outing† (Gross ix) of homosexual people gone through in the past until the current time? If a person would look at the facts, it would not be surprising and only right to be amazed. Homosexual Advocacy, its Evolution and their Human Rights Homosexuality can be traced even as far as to the ancient Romans whose emperors were rumored to be bisexuals, and the surprising thing is—the society back then was not as against it compared to the American society back in the 50’s or 60’s. Moreover, farther from the ancient Romans are the biblical passages and accounts of homosexuals being punished in the Promised Land of Israel with the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. God was furious with the sexual criminal acts that the Sodomites were doing that He decided to destroy the city completely. Unfortunately, this story is what is usually used by Christians or anti-homosexual groups in trying to voice out their opinion and displeasure with the gay people. However, the call for the gay rights did not exactly happen overnight or in a snap. This was a very slow and painstaking process that actually originated with the call of the African-Americans to equality with the white Americans. Racial discrimination has been a long standing issue experienced globally but was most experienced in the United States of America since people from all parts of the globe were actually migrating to the US as they were lured by its promise of greener pastures. Eventually, the discrimination against the minority groups—African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians who constituted the population of the majority, were advocated by a number of famous people, and most notable of them is in the person of Martin Luther King Jr. He was assassinated for fighting in what he believed in—that equality should reign among age, gender, and most especially that of race. The advocacy and dispute of the blacks vs. the whites eventually paved the way for the fight for recognition of the homosexuals (Gerstmann 3; TIME). However, even if the homosexual (and bisexual) community were inspired by the advocacy of the African-Americans, they still had a far way to go with regard to their decision to be out in the open and eventually fight for their liberation. There were many factors which comprised the fight of the homosexual community, and unfortunately, it involved a lot of death and sacrifices that were publicized by the media. According to Larry Gross in his book, Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America, the first ever advocacy for gay recognition and empowerment happened in the person of Lisa Ben who gave out copies of a magazine that â€Å"signaled the first stirrings of the modern gay rights move ¬ment in the United States† (xiii). What she did was both courageous and dangerous, for in those years, being a homosexual person meant persecution because it was considered a crime. As what a gay person was found saying in the BBC video about the Stonewall Riot, â€Å"the word homosexual cannot even be uttered. † Years later after Lisa Ben’s small magazine and advocacy, gay movements were mobilized little by little but were not very successful as they were often beaten up by the police for being â€Å"fags† or â€Å"drag queens. † The early 1960s can be also said that it had the same turn of events as that of the 50s. It was only during the late 1960’s that people finally acted and pursued their one goal—equality—freedom, respect, basic rights will follow after and come with it (Bendersky; Gross). The most famous Stonewall riot that happened in the month of June 1969 in Greenwhich Village, New York City was a historic landmark for their fight for equality: â€Å"The turning point came in the summer of 1969 in Manhattans Greenwich Village, when 400 gays flooded the streets for several nights to protest police raids on the Stonewall Inn, a homosexual bar on Christopher Street† (TIME). With the riots, movements, and publication of weeklies (like of Grant Ford’s Gay Life), the community of the gay, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender was soon heard and felt by the people not only in the United States of America; people around the globe also became aware of their fight: The struggle is being fought on many levels. Politically, the movements victories are now barely balancing its defeats. Thirty-nine cities, towns and counties, including Detroit, Washington, D. C. , and Minneapolis, have enacted ordinances forbidding discrimination against homosexuals in jobs and housing, but only five of those communities have been added to the list in the past two years. (TIME) When the famous Harvey Milk was elected in the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, another milestone in their advocacy was again met. Harvey was out in the open as a gay person, and he was elected in a high position in the society. Milk made such a great impact because not only was he a politician—he was a politician who is gay and who is demanding for an anti-discrimination gay act to be passed. Moreover, when the advocacy of the Church was made clear that they were against gay rights and that teachers who are gay should not be deemed fit to teach in public schools, Milk fought hard against that judgment. Eleven months later, Milk was killed, and the act was passed. In addition, the Civil Service Commission ruled in 1975 that being a homosexual person should not be the grounds for a person to be unemployed. When Milk died, it was not only the gay community who was enraged by this event but also people from all over. Even the straight ones were now on the same side, and the fight was biggest and strongest as ever with the equality for the homosexual people (Bendersky). People have now become more open to the concept of homosexuality and has come to grips with the reality that people should be accepted for how they are. How unbelievable it may seem when years ago, the gay and lesbian people were being beaten up by the police and or being horrifyingly mistreated by the straight community that they are even publicly put on trial and/or persecuted; and yet, decades later, the world has opened up to them. As what appeared in the TIME Magazine issue which has been cited for seemingly countless times in this paper, companies and corporations on a national level have publicly voiced out that â€Å"they do not discriminate in hiring or promoting people because they are homosexual. † The most ground breaking is the support and the next step of the media. As what is understandable, if the media is able to openly portray and even give a spot on stories or characters who are homosexuals in a non-villain role, then it means the general public is able to accept and watch such role being enacted out: â€Å"Television and movies are treating gay themes more openly and sympathetically. ABCs hit series Soap, for example, has two homosexual characters, one a macho football player† (TIME). Years later, although things have been better in terms of the gay people being not regarded as retards or criminals, they are still far from fully realizing their goal. If in the past they were fighting for freedom from discrimination or safety and survival from those people who made it a point to not only discriminate the gay people but to also hurt and in some cases, even kill them, the 90’s brought in a new fight—the homosexual people want to get married. According to Gerstmann, there is even no such thing as gay rights. There are only basic human rights which can be enjoyed by people no matter their gender, age, or race. Marriage is a basic human right, and yet, people who are of the same sex are deprived of it (Gertsmann 3-4). Their community in the past seemed to be fighting for survival—for their endangered lives because of the discrimination happening. Now, the homosexual community is fighting for their basic human right—to be married to the person they love—even if it means that they belong to the same gender. When the then President Bill Clinton made a speech in 1996 that he supported the marriage and union of people who are of the same-sex, homosexual people were overjoyed, for it meant a huge leap for them. However, when only a short time later, the Doma Bill was passed wherein a marriage can only happen between a man and a woman, the gay community was outraged at Clinton’s treachery and lies. Years later, Bendersky of the Huffington Post writes in November 2008 of the Proposition 8 in California that calls a marriage to be made only between a man and a woman. In some countries and states, being a homosexual person is still a crime and is subject for persecution—death penalty in public. There are still some states in America which openly oppose same-sex marriages and outing of closeted homosexual people; they even forbid some basic rights—like entrance to schools. Clearly, there is still a discrimination going on even if it is not openly voiced out. Even if the entertainment industry has long been open to the portrayal of gay or lesbian people and has produced shows, series, and movies, even that of cartoons and commercials where the characters are blatantly gay or the plot revolves around them, there is still an underlying tension with regard to the subject of homosexuality. Famous shows like Will and Grace or The Ellen DeGeneres Show may be famous on national television show and is already accepted by the general public, but it does not necessarily mean that they have already achieved their goal. In Aaron Belkin’s article for example, he writes that President Barrack Obama is going to fire his Arabic linguist because the linguist declared on national television that he was a homosexual person. There is a reason for that however. In the same article of Belkin, he further writes that there is a law that states that the â€Å"military MUST fire any service member who acknowledges themselves as being gay. † Years later, the death of Milk and the appalling and well-publicized death of Matthew Sheppard seem to be a waste as the homosexual community has still not met their goal for their fight for equality (Lacayo et al. ). Conclusion In conclusion, from the â€Å"outing† of the homosexual people to the fight for their equality and to the expansion of their rights, they have come a long way. From the ancient Romans to the Harvey Milk and Matthew Shepard, homosexuality has long been present, will always be present, and the press has played a big part in both its development and dramatic sensationalization. Whether people like it or not, the events of the past will continue to haunt and affect the events of the present and of course, the future. One thing that everyone should remember is, the whole adventure that the gays and lesbians went through is one amazing roller coaster ride, and that despite the sickening downs they experienced, the exhilarating ups are definitely worth it—one is merely to look at the entertainment industry today and acknowledge where they are now. Works Cited Buckingham, David, Natasha Whiteman, Rebekah Willett, and Andrew Burn. â€Å"The Impact of the Media on Children and Young People With A Particular Focus on Computer Games and the Internet. † Byron Review, Centre for the Study of Children, Youth an Media, Institute of Education, University of London. 30 Apr. 2009. 7 May 2009. http://www. dcsf. gov. uk/byronreview/pdfs/Buckingham%20Impact%20of%20Media%20Literature%20Review%20for%20the%20Byron%20Review. pdf. Belkin, Aaron. â€Å"Obama To Fire His First Gay Arabic Linguist. † The Huffington Post. 7 May 2009. 8 May 2009. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/aaron-belkin/obama-to-fire-his-first-g_b_199070. html. Bendersky, Ari. â€Å"Where is Harvey Milk Today? † The Huffington Post. 1 Dec. 2008. 8 May 2009. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/ari-bendersky/where-is-harvey-milk-toda_b_146933. html. Cannon, John. â€Å"Mass Media. † The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Encyclopedia. com. 30 Apr. 2009 http://www. encyclopedia. com. Gerstmann, Evan. Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Gross, Larry P. Contested Closets: The Politics And Ethics Of Outing. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1993. . Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Lacayo, Richard, Harriet Barovick, John Cloud, and Washington Duffy. â€Å"The New Gay Struggle†. TIME Magazine. 26 Oct. 1998. 8 May 2009. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989406,00. html? loomia_si=t0:a16:g2:r2:c0. 177585:b22455434xid=Loomia. Time Inc. â€Å"How Gay is Gay? †. TIME Magazine. 23 Apr. 1979. 8 May 2009. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920281-1,00. html.

Function Of Supply Chain In Dell Business Essay

Function Of Supply Chain In Dell Business Essay Supply change management is the important part of the organization. If supply chain is working effectively in the organization than organization can achieve their goal in well manners .supply chain management engage on three levels which are strategic, tactical and operational. On the strategic level, organization take the decision with concern to supply chain management that how it will work. Tactics means which thing has to include in supply chain which will help the organization to achieve their goals and operational means how it will exactly work. So there is a strong relationship between supply chain management and organizational business objectives.orgnaization has differ objective which has to fulfil by the organization these objective are following in which supply chain management supporting them to achieve them. Product development Organizations Management has to classify a strategic direction while considering the products which organization will manufacture and recommend to their consumers. As companys product get old and they need new product to launch in the market on that time supply chain management play a crucial role to set new product in the market. In this thing company has to develop the strategy that how ,they will take the help of supply chain which will make easy to launch the product in the market. Consumers On the strategic level ,company has to find out the real consumer for their product .that is difficult task for the organization .and supply chain management help the organization to distribute the product to those person who targeted by the company . Manufacturing Manufacturing depend on the demand and companys sales forecasting. So on that time company has to develop the strategy that how product will be manufactured. This decision can require new manufacturing facilities to be built for the organization. If business objectives contain moving manufacturing out of the country, then the decisions can bend towards via subcontracting and third party .another factor is environmental issues which influence organization policy to a better level, these issues may persuade strategic supply chain decisions with regards to manufacturing of the product. With the help of these thing we can say that ,there is a strong relationship between the supply chain management and businesss objective. LO1.2 Explain the link between your chosen organizations supply chain management and its business functions. DELL: Supply chain? Supply chain management is the lively management of supply chain activities with the objectives of maximize customer satisfaction and attain the sustainable advantage over the competition. It represents a cognizant effort develop and run supply chains in the most effective efficient ways possible. The supply chain is concurrent together through physical flows and information flows. the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials involves in Physical flows . Information flows permit the a variety of supply chain partners to conquer their long-term plans, and to manage the day-to-day flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain. Function of Supply chain in DELL There are some functions of DELL related to the supply chain management are as follows: Identify Customer Values Organization used customer knowledge With the help of contracts, survey results, business intelligence data and platform sales to begin its customer-centric view of value. Dell invested in resources to complete detailed configuration profitability analysis, targeted surveys and external marketing insights from multiple industries. Understand Dells Strengths With the help of the effective supply chain management the DELLs strength can be analyzed. Understand the External Environment Supply chain is specifically related to the external business environment with the help of supply chain the DELL can be easily understand the external environment. This the supply chain of the opted organization DELL and its function that are related with the supply chain of the DELL. LO.1.3 What are the key drivers used by your organization to achieve an integrated Supply Chain? As companies increasingly put into action their supply chain to compete and attain market share, spending and action in this area are remarkably on the upswing. Technology and process upgrades at forward-thinking companies evidently demonstrate that supply chain excellence is more broadly established as an element of overall business strategy and that growing value to customers is not just managements, but everyones business. The transfer in how companys outlook their supply chain is taking hold. Scrutinize how your company views its supply chain and deem your answers to these fundamental questions. Does leadership view your supply chain as a strategic competitive advantage? If not, are you bearing in mind outsourcing your supply chain? Are the capacity strengths of your supply chain generally known and understood by leadership of the company? If so, how do they sway growth, profitability and customer service? So organization has to find out the key drivers which will help the organization to achieve an integrated supply chain management. There are some key drivers which will help the organization to achieve an integrated supply chain which are following Customer service management process : Customer service management process is concern with the organization and its customers. Because customer service is the cause of customer information. Customer service management provides the customer through real time information on arrangement and product accessibility during interfaces with the organizations manufacture and distribution operations. Good organization uses the following steps to build customer relations: Verify jointly pleasing goals for organization and customers Set up and preserve customer relationship Produce optimistic feelings in the organization and the customers Procurement process:- Strategic tactics are drawn up with suppliers to maintain the manufacturing current management procedure and the growth of new products. In organization where operations expand internationally, source has to manage on a international basis. The preferred result is a win-win connection where both parties take benefit from each other, and a decrease in time which is required for the design series and product. LO2: Be able to use information technology to optimise supplier relationships in an organization. LO2.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used by your organization to maintain supplier relationships. Efficient management of suppliers is one of the ways manufacturing companies can advance their performance. There are many significant aspects of supplier management; they incorporate sourcing strategies, and the way relationships are managed and the information exchange policies adopted by manufacturers. Characteristically, it has been argued in the literature that close relationships with suppliers should be urbanized, in contrast to the conventional price-driven transactional relationship. In concurrence with this approach manufacturers should employ a single sourcing strategy rather than multi-sourcing. The research found that noteworthy portion of the companies surveyed had experienced an alteration in their relationship with suppliers in the last few years. In the main relationships had become closer and the use of partnerships was in proof. Although the companies had developed partnerships with some of their suppliers the majority of firms continued to prefer a multi-sourcing policy. The research results have implications for manufacturing companies as they point out the potential for development through the greater adoption of best practices in the area of supplier management. LO.2.2 What information technology does your organization use to create strategies in developing relationship with its suppliers? As search costs and other coordination costs turn down, theory predicts that firms should optimally amplify the number of suppliers with which they do business. Despite recent declines in these costs due to information technology, there is little proof of an augment in the number of suppliers used. On the contrary, in many industries, firms are working with fewer suppliers. This suggests that other forces must be accounted for in a more complete model of buyer supplier relationships. So there are many technologies which is using by the organization to develop relationship with their suppliers .which are following. Analyze actual time information about market trends sales and orders. Predict and respond rapidly to changes in demand Develop efficiency with concern to precise information on supply . E-collaboration with the suppliers, like, using email and giving out spreadsheets, can be simple, but the most profit approach from sharing information in real time. This approach requires more refined technology, which are following Forecasting systems or inventory planning this means use their inventory records to predict the market demand for their product. Online analytical processing  systems this system analyze history sales performance and evaluate the forecasts from different suppliers. Enterprise resource planning  systems ERP system plan and programed their entire business. By connecting their order and purchasing system with that of their suppliers, orders can repeatedly be placed and tracked and the supplier will automatically issue an invoice. These technologies helping the organization to make good relation with their suppliers. LO 2.3 Identify systems used by your organization to maintain relationship with its suppliers. A natural approach to determining the optimal number of suppliers is to begin from the assumption that a firm would profit by growing the number of its suppliers, thereby broadening its choice, but that technological considerations constrain this strategy. In this perspective, the number of suppliers is restricted by considerations such as the cost of setting up a relationship, search costs, and transaction costs, which can commonly be summarized as coordination costs. For example, in trying to determine the optimal number of suppliers for a given input, it may be supposed that suppliers product offerings are substitutes for one another, except that they differ in some desirable feature, such as price, fit, or product characteristics. Interacting with each supplier entails a coordination cost. After surveying some number of suppliers, the buyer selects the product offering that renders the best value according to its set of criteria. The optimal number of suppliers is determined by trading off the cost of further searches against the expected benefit from identifying a better supplier. In the same way organization is making the relationship with the their suppliers .some ways are following Organization is making the Understanding that how their supplier works gives them a enhanced sense of how it can benefit their business. Organization is using the strategy to make the relationship with their suppliers to Ask about their plans for development or expansion. Will this affect the goods or services which organization is providing to them? Organization is helping their suppliers by placing orders in excellent time, being clear about deadlines and paying on time. Organization is making their business important to their suppliers with a view that concept that they will work harder for you. So some suppliers offer superior deals if organization promises to use them wholly. So these strategies helping the organization to make their better relationship with their suppliers. LO3 Understand the role of information technology in supply chain management LO3.1 Assess how information technology could assist in the integration of the different parts of the supply chain within your organization Information technology could assist in the integration of the different parts of the supply chain management in the organization. In dell the IT assist in the integration of the different parts of the supply chain There are different integrated strategies are discussed below regarding the supply chain management in Dell. Allocation network strategies: The issues like location of warehouse and their capacities etc are related to the allocation network strategies. The allocation network strategy maintain the facility that how should the information is being flowed between the management supply chain members i.e warehouse retailer . It helps provide the reduction in the total holding and logistics costs. The allocation network strategies are specifically related to the reduction in he logistic as well as the holding cost of the organization. Manufacture source strategy: This strategy is the integration of the logistics and production costs. It also related with the impact of producing in large volumes to reduce the fixed cost for the production .but the production in heavy volume may increase the transportation cost and the logistic cost and production in small batches is related to the high fixed but the balance between them can be maintained by the manufacture source strategy of the organization. Record organizes strategy: This strategy connected with the decisions concerning the inventory control system of the organization. Inventory control strategy includes economic order quantity to reduce the holding and ordering costs. It also determines the quantity to be stored. This very strategy can be used for the avoidance of over stocking and under stocking. Income managing strategy: In the income managing strategy the price flexibility of demand is fix according to the market in order to maximize the revenue from sales. Technology choice support system: Technology is deals with each and every part of the organization whether it is related to the inventory, production, revenue etc. so we can say that the technology is a choice support system of the organization. LO3.2 Evaluate how information technology has contributed to the management of the supply chain within your organization The flow of products and information between supply chain members of the organizations is known as Supply chain management. Information Technology helps a lot in availing the information in organizational premises very easily. The IT is very helpful to coordinates the activities to manage the supply chain. In past before 1980 the information flow between the organizations to the second part is totally based on the paper. The paper based method of exchanging the information is very slow. But after some time the information technology had evolved and provides the easy method for exchanging the information between the organization and the supply chain member. IT includes: computer, data recognition equipment, communication technologies, factory automation and other hardware and services. Information flows plays a crucial role in strategic planning. Because it helps in: Rapid procedure to information. Good customer service. Reduction in paper work. Increased productivity. Improvement in tracing and expediting Cost efficiency. Competitive advantage. Enhanced/Improved billing. After the study of these points it can easily understood that the IT plays an essential role in supply chain management and we can also take the example of the dell(Case study of Dells Transformation Journey through Supply chain). The above mentioned points are also related with the dell and its supply chain management. After using IT in its supply chain management the dell got the maximum benefits from it like : rapid flow of the information , great and better customer service , paper work reduction , proclivity enhancement , cost efficiency , competitive advantage etc. So we can say that information technology has contributed to the management of the supply chain within your organisation. LO.3.3 Assess the effectiveness of information technology in managing the supply chain in your organization. There are some vast impact on the organization because of the information technology here we took the example of DELL. There are certain effectiveness of IT on the DELL that are as follows: DELL has successfully developed E-business solutions for improving customer service. Enhanced efficiency of DELL allows company personnels to focus more on the dangerous business activities. E-business solutions of DELL support preparation teamwork better quickness of the supply chain management. The use of E-business solutions improves the information quality of DELL. To gain strategic benefits, the DELL uses of IT to be coupled with process re-designing. SCM IT are the prominent part of the DELL. IT has enabled supply chain to flourish the criteria of the supply chain management of DELL. LO4 Understand the role of logistics and procurement in supply chain management LO4.1 Explain the role of logistics in supply chain management in system in your organization The organizations are still locate that poignant goods and services all the way through of the global supply chains is expensive time overwhelming.   Logistics and supply chain management are the two important approaches to surmount the business activities. The flow of resources between the origin and the destination in order to fulfill the needs and wants is known as the logistics management. The physical items, such as food, materials, equipment, liquids, and staff, as well as abstract items, such as information, particles, and energy all can be include in the logistics. The common motives of logistics are minimization of the use of resources and time. The role of logistics can be divided in four categories that are as follows: Materials management Channel management Distribution Supply-chain management Material management : Logistics plays a very important part in material management because it can provide the overall facility regarding the material handling. The complete process of production can be handled with the help of logistics management. Channel Management: Channel management are the recourses by which the goods and services can be transported from one place to another place. Distribution management: Distribution management is related to the distribution technique of the goods and services of the organization . it can help in the logistic management of the organization . Supply chain management: Supply chain and logistics are the essential part of one another that was discussed above previously. If any organization wants to work properly than it will compulsory to use logistics management in the supply chain management. LO4.2 Evaluate any procurement practices in your organization The procurement policy is based on the Nestle procurement policy The objective of NESTLE is to produce and market food products that and that can please customers and consumer prospect, and to provide enhanced quality food and worth for money. Milk, coffee coca are the key raw material of the Nestle in total the raw material turnover of Nestle is 19.7 bio Swiss Francs. The basic problem is regarding to the procurement of the raw material so the Nestle opt the two types of strategies that are: Pre competitive Competitive Pre-competitive strategy of Nestle: In pre competitive strategies the Nestle wants to collaborate with the food industry i.e SAI (Sustainable Agriculture. n this strategy the Nestle provides the support to the agricultural development, trades , preliminary works regarding the agriculture industry. In this strategy the Nestle try to overcome the berries of raw material procurement for the Nestle plant. Competitive strategy of Nestle: The competitive strategy deals to encourage the sustainable agriculture through the sourcing of its key raw materials (milk, coffee, and cocoa). This is done by providing with the help of guidelines to the producers and by developing preferential supplier contracts. Sustainable Agriculture offers opportunities for food companies to achieve better control on long term supply of raw materials at reasonable costs, and at the same time to improve quality and enhance quality control . These are the two strategies of procurement of NESTLE by which Nestle can overcome the hurdle of raw material procurement. . LO4.3 what are some of the factors that must be considered when improving logistics and procurement practices in your organization? There are some factors that must be considered when improving logistics and procurement practices in your organization. The factors are as follows: Effective Order processing: There should be the effective order processing so that the logistic department can perform its task in a better way. Transportation: The transportation cost must be low with the help of the logistics strategies. If the proper logistics are to be used than it will become very helpful in reduction in the transportation cost. Inventory management : Inventory management is the very important part of the organization . With the help of inventory management the logistics can be improved in a better way. Warehousing: The warehouse handling is to be in a successive manner with the help of the logistics department. Material handling: Material handling is one of the process by which the logistics can be improved and procurement process can be easy for the organization. Sound packaging: The packaging should be sound so that the procurement can be done in an effective manner and the logistics management can be improved. Information system : Information system plays a very important role in logistics management because IT is having the integration of all the area f the business. LO5 In your different groups LO5.1 Plan a strategy to improve an organisations supply chain There should be the planned strategy for the improvisation of supply chain management of Dell. The strategy must include certain points that are as follows: Reduction in cost: The strategy must be planned with the perspectives of cost reduction in the supply chain process in the organizations. Time reduction: The strategy should be formulated in such a way s that the time can be reduced and the process can complete in the proper time span. Release value: value of the production must be acquired by the planned strategy. Appropriate quality : The planned strategy of the supply chain management is to provide the appropriates quality to the consumers. Reduction in truncations: the strategy should be formulated in terms of reduction of the transaction cost of the origination. LO5.2 Assess how a supply chain improvement strategy will benefit overall business performance in the organisation There are certain points which tell us the benefit of supply chain management on overall performance on the organization that are as follows: Reduction on inventories Information sharing among the partners Preparation being done in discussion rather than in segregation The improvements can be reflected in terms of: Lower costs Satisfy customer service proficient manufacturing Better trust among the partners LO5.3 Explain how barriers will be overcome in the organisation when implementing a supply chain improvement strategy Supply chain management helps a lot in reducing the barriers in the organizations There are certain methods by which the barriers will be overcome in the organization when implementing a supply chain management. Here we are giving the example of DELL that how supply chain management can overcome the barriers in DELL. Stronger connection to customers The DELLs supply chain is completely focused on the customer satisfaction. And the basic problem of the organization is to satisfy the customers and with the help of supply chain the customer can get the maximum satisfaction so that the DELL could get the positive feedback form the customers. Complexity reduction The production operations are vey important as well as complex. but the supply chain made this complexity is an easy going manner. All the process related to the Production will be in a concise way in the supply chain in the Dell. Improved internal collaboration managing identify practical interdependencies have ambitious association across product design, supply chain, marketing, sales and finance. Dell also simplified interactions by centralizing global operations, while aligning to customer verticals. Cost reduction with the help of the supply chain there were the cost reduction of $1.5 billion in DELL. This was the major barrier reduction. Improved forecast accuracy the supply chain provides results in three terms that are: augment in predict correctness at the product, platform and configuration levels.

Importance of Setting in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery :: Shirley Jackson Lottery Essays

Importance of Setting in Shirley Jackson's The Lottery      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The setting in the beginning of The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, creates a mood of peacefulness and tranquillity.   The image portrayed by the author is that of a typical town on a normal summer day.   Shirley Jackson uses this setting to foreshadow an ironic ending.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Jackson begins by establishing the setting.   She tells the reader what time of day and what time of year the story takes place.   This is important to get the reader to focus on what a typical day it is in this small town.   The time of day is set in the morning and the time of year is early summer. She also describes that school has just recently let out for summer break, letting the reader infer that the time of year is early summer.   The setting of the town is described by the author as that of any normal rural community.   Furthermore, she describes the grass as "richly green" and that "the flowers were blooming profusely" (196).   These descriptions of the surroundings give the reader a serene felling about the town.  Ã‚   Also, these descriptions make the reader feel comfortable about the surroundings as if there was nothing wrong in this quaint town.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon reading the first paragraph, Shirley Jackson describes the town in general.   The town is first mentioned in the opening paragraph where she sets the location in the town square.   She puts in perspective the location of the square "between the post office and the bank" (196).   This visualizes for the reader what a small town this is, since everything seems to be centralized at or near the town square.   This is also key in that the town square is the location for the remaining part of the story.   The town square is an important location for the setting since the ending of the story will be set in this location.  Also, Shirley Jackson creates a comfortable atmosphere while describing the residents of the town.   First, she describes the children gathering together and breaking into "boisterous play"(196).   Also, the children are described as gathering rocks, which is an action of many normal children.   She described the men as ga thering together and talking about "planting and rain, tractors and taxes"(196).   Finally, she describes the women of this community as "exchanging bits of gossip"(196) which is a common stereotype of women.   She creates a mood for the reader of the town and residents of this town on a normal summer morning.

Chocky - Tv Vs The Book :: essays research papers

Chocky The Novel Chocky was written by John Wyndham and was later adapted into a TV drama by the BBC. The producers, Pamela Londale and Vic Hughes, kept the same title for the TV series as the Novel, and named it Chocky, but the Film text had some changes in events, different character interpretation and alternative way of showing foreshadowing. The Film version differs quite a lot from the Novel. There were a number of changes to the plot, but most of these were only little issues. One of the major differences in plot was Matthew’s relationship with Colin. Colin was Matthew’s next door neighbour in the Novel, but there was no close friendship or relationship between them. However in the Film, Colin is Matthew’s best friend, classmate and neighbour, whom Matthew was always visiting and playing with. One of biggest changes occurs in the character Piff. Piff was Polly’s long gone imaginary friend in the Novel who was only talked about, whilst in the Film Piff was still around and living. Another change from the Novel was the way in which Chocky helped Matthew. Chocky gave Matthew the ability to draw properly, helped him to swim and then save Polly, and taught Matthew to do the binary code in both texts. However in the Film Chocky also gave Matthew super strength to play cricket, develop fast reflexes to play computer games and do the rubix cubes at amazing speeds. The Film Editor, Oscar Webb left out some scenes and added some different ones. One of these new scenes included the visit to the planetarium. Later we saw Chocky entering Matthew’s body during a Maths class, along with other scenes in the class rooms, such as biology, not previously mentioned in the Novel. Also Matthew visited Colin’s house on numerous occasions and we saw Matthew’s Mother and Father shopping for a new car and then Matthew winning a cricket game. The editor also added more detailed facts about the holiday at the Cottage. All of these extra events added more to the Film than the original Novel. n 2 - The two texts had quite a few different character interpretations. One of the major differences being in the interpretation of Chocky. In the Novel Chocky was only a voice in Matthew’s head which Matthew would translate to other people, whilst in the film she had an actual voice which was presented by the Actor, Glynis Brookes’ voice.

Gangster Life Portrayed in the Movie, Scarface :: Movie Film Essays

Gangster Life Portrayed in the Movie, Scarface As an exile from Communist Cuba, †¦.Montana†¦wha you say? You say wrong Scarface? Maybe I say you wrong, man. Maybe I say you in wrong place at wrong time chico. Maybe I no even speak to you, maybe I let someone else talk. I got someone you should meet. Say hello to my lil’ frie†¦. I’m sorry, let me start over. There is a thin line that exists between the depiction of a villain and a gangster that Hollywood has mastered walking on. While villains and gangsters may do many of the same things in movies, like stealing and killing, they each do them for different reasons. Villains enjoy crime because that is what gets them off; some may feel they are doing society a favor, like Uncle Charlie in Hitchcock’s Shadow of a Doubt, and others are more simply portrayed as naturally evil or mentally ill. But Gangsters are doing what they do for something American society can relate to—to make a living and, ultimately, get to the top. This â€Å"business† aspect of organized crime is what the movie industry has latched on to in the Gangster genre. In Scarface, Tony Camonte is in the business of selling beer to the town watering holes. Of course, he doesn’t so much sell the beer as force it on the bar owners at jacked up prices. And just like any other business, there is competition for dominance in the market. And for this dominance, or rather monopoly, ringleaders do not think twice about taking their competition out – not by buying them out or forcing them into bankruptcy, but by sending a squad out to murder them. Like most things captured on film for the purpose of being marketed, the richness of gangster life, with sex, money, and power in surplus, is glorified, and thus embraced by the audience. And as a rule, if something works Hollywood repeats it, ala a genre. What Scarface and Little Caesar did was ultimately create a genre assigning powerful qualities to criminals. Such sensationalism started with the newspapers who maybe added a little more color here and there to sell a few more copies, which is portrayed in Scarface’s two newspaper office scenes. Leo Braudy denounces genres as offending â€Å"our most common definition of artistic excellence† by simply following a predetermined equation of repetition of character and plot. However, Thomas Schatz argues that many variations of plot can exist within the â€Å"arena† that the rules of the genre provide. Gangster Life Portrayed in the Movie, Scarface :: Movie Film Essays Gangster Life Portrayed in the Movie, Scarface As an exile from Communist Cuba, †¦.Montana†¦wha you say? You say wrong Scarface? Maybe I say you wrong, man. Maybe I say you in wrong place at wrong time chico. Maybe I no even speak to you, maybe I let someone else talk. I got someone you should meet. Say hello to my lil’ frie†¦. I’m sorry, let me start over. There is a thin line that exists between the depiction of a villain and a gangster that Hollywood has mastered walking on. While villains and gangsters may do many of the same things in movies, like stealing and killing, they each do them for different reasons. Villains enjoy crime because that is what gets them off; some may feel they are doing society a favor, like Uncle Charlie in Hitchcock’s Shadow of a Doubt, and others are more simply portrayed as naturally evil or mentally ill. But Gangsters are doing what they do for something American society can relate to—to make a living and, ultimately, get to the top. This â€Å"business† aspect of organized crime is what the movie industry has latched on to in the Gangster genre. In Scarface, Tony Camonte is in the business of selling beer to the town watering holes. Of course, he doesn’t so much sell the beer as force it on the bar owners at jacked up prices. And just like any other business, there is competition for dominance in the market. And for this dominance, or rather monopoly, ringleaders do not think twice about taking their competition out – not by buying them out or forcing them into bankruptcy, but by sending a squad out to murder them. Like most things captured on film for the purpose of being marketed, the richness of gangster life, with sex, money, and power in surplus, is glorified, and thus embraced by the audience. And as a rule, if something works Hollywood repeats it, ala a genre. What Scarface and Little Caesar did was ultimately create a genre assigning powerful qualities to criminals. Such sensationalism started with the newspapers who maybe added a little more color here and there to sell a few more copies, which is portrayed in Scarface’s two newspaper office scenes. Leo Braudy denounces genres as offending â€Å"our most common definition of artistic excellence† by simply following a predetermined equation of repetition of character and plot. However, Thomas Schatz argues that many variations of plot can exist within the â€Å"arena† that the rules of the genre provide.

Gettysburg

Charles Esquivel Pritchett History 1301 Nov. 25th 2010 Civil War Project Located 50 miles northwest of Baltimore, the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania was the site of the largest battle ever waged during the American Civil War. Fought in the first three days of July 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg resulted in a hallmark victory for the Union â€Å"Army of the Potomac† and successfully ended the second invasion of the North by General Robert E. Lee's â€Å"Army of Northern Virginia†. Historians have referred to the battle as a major turning point in the war, the â€Å"High Water Mark of the Confederacy†.It was also the bloodiest single battle of the war, resulting in over 51,000 soldiers killed, wounded, captured or missing(Coddington 21). On July 1, Confederate forces converged on the town from west and north, driving Union defenders back through the streets to Cemetery Hill. During the night, reinforcements arrived for both sides. On July 2, Lee attempted t o envelop the Federals, first striking the Union left flank at the Peach Orchard, Wheatfield, Devil’s Den, and the Round Tops with Longstreet’s and Hill’s divisions, and then attacking the Union right at Culp’s and East Cemetery Hills with Ewell’s divisions.By evening, the Federals retained Little Round Top and had repulsed most of Ewell’s men. During the morning of July 3, the Confederate infantry were driven from their last toe-hold on Culp’s Hill. In the afternoon, after a preliminary artillery bombardment, Lee attacked the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. | | The Pickett-Pettigrew assault momentarily pierced the Union line but was driven back with severe casualties(Bachelder 47) . Stuart’s cavalry attempted to gain the Union rear but was repulsed. On July 4, Lee began withdrawing his army toward Williamsport on the Potomac River.His train of wounded stretched more than fourteen miles. | Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) Battle: July 1-3, 1863 Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, US; Gen. Robert E. Lee, CS Forces Engaged: 158,300 total (US 83,289; CS 75,054) Estimated Casualties: 51,000 total (US 23,000; CS 28,000) The Battle of Gettysburg began on July 1, 1863, when a Confederate brigade searching for a badly needed supply of shoes in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, ran into Union cavalry(Nielsen 12).After the three days of battle were over, Union forces claimed victory, although both sides suffered heavy casualties. | | While Grant slowly strangled Vicksburg and Rosecrans feinted Bragg halfway across Tennessee, Lee decided to march his troops north toward Pennsylvania. There were several reasons for this bold move. The Confederate government hoped that a decisive victory on Northern soil would win foreign recognition of the Confederacy. In addition, Lee argued that an invasion of the wealthiest urban area of the North would probably lessen the pressure on Confederate force s in Tennessee and at Vicksburg.Perhaps most important, the lush Cumberland Valley would yield food and clothing for Lee's ragged and hungry army(Fransanito 6). On June 3, 1863, Lee began to move his Army of Northern Virginia across the Rappahannock. Hooker, who was aware of Lee's movements, shifted the Army of the Potomac northward, using it as a shield between Lee and the capital at Washington. Late in June, Hooker resigned his command, convinced that he had lost the confidence of the administration. On June 28, General George G. Meade replaced Hooker. Meade had been one of Hooker's corps commanders.On July 1 advance units of the two armies stumbled into each other near the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 16 km (10 mi) north of the Maryland border. Both Lee and Meade realized that a battle was unavoidable. Fighting began that day. Union troops, after early reverses, managed to hold a strategic position on Cemetery Hill. The second day, July 2, saw confused fighting on bot h Union flanks. Generals Longstreet and John B. Hood assaulted high ground at the Peach Orchard and Little Round Top, but by night the Federals held key positions.The most dramatic action of the battle came on the third day, when General George E. Pickett led a gallant but hopeless charge against the Union center, â€Å"the bloody angle. † (Nielsen 184) Pickett's drive tried to charge across an open field at Cemetery Ridge, but concentrated Union fire stopped him. The battle was a decisive Union victory, but both armies suffered very heavy losses. Meade's casualties numbered 23,000 and Lee's about 25,000. Lee began his retreat on July 4. | To the great disappointment of President Lincoln, Meade did not pursue the Confederate army and make Lee stand and fight(Coddington 12).By July 14 the Confederate commander had brought the remnant of his army back to the safety of Virginia. Gettysburg had been a severe defeat for the South, both in terms of men lost and the army's morale. I n November 1863 President Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery to those who had died in the Battle of Gettysburg. His speech, known as the Gettysburg Address, became famous as an expression of the democratic spirit and reconfirmed Lincoln's intention to reunite the country.

Which is the best graduate program in criminal justice in the Midwest

In conducting a research to determine the best criminal justice graduate program in the Midwest, it would be best to select measures that are able to clearly give snapshots of what to expect from each program. These measures are faculty quality, student-instructor ratios in both classes and research, graduate prominence in criminal justice institutions, and program standing with accrediting organizations. The first measure can be ordinal, nominal, and ratio. Basically, we need to examine the credentials of the faculty members teaching in the said program. This examination includes the number of papers that they’ve published in peer-reviewed journals, their positions in academic organizations, as well as their rankings in relevant and recognized academic competitions. Of course, we need to compare each of these variables for this measure separately. This measure gives us a comprehensive view of the level of competence professors in the program have. However, this does not include one of the most important measures which is student feedback, a variable that may often be difficult to obtain due to it being classified in nature. The next measure is the student-instructor ratio. This is the ratio of the number of students that are found in a class handled by one professor. This can also refer to the number of advisees handled by one professor. Generally, favorable ratios should come closer to one. The larger the ratio is, the more congested classrooms are likely to be. This implied that the professor might not be able to give ample attention to each student. This is especially problematic in terms of research advising. Professors should generally be advising only a few students at a time with research work. Following the student-teacher ratio is the prominence of the program graduates in criminal justice institutions. This measure can include the positions held by the graduates, the length of time after graduating before they held the said positions, as well as awards that they received in the positions held. This measure gives a preview of what to expect after graduation from the program. Ratio data can be collected by taking the total number of graduates to the number of graduates holding positions in relevant institutions after a certain time period. A bigger ratio would imply poorer graduate performance specifically in the program that they have completed. Finally, ordinal and nominal data from accrediting institutions can be collected as the fourth measure. Nominal data can be grade accreditations while ordinal data can include program rankings with other programs in the Midwest. With this measure, the student will be able to see just where the program places with respect to other programs according to criteria set by credible bodies. Following the four measures set in this paper will provide the prospecting student with a comprehensive view on the quality of the graduate school program in criminal justice that he or she seeks to enroll in. The measures selected scrutinize both the competence and availability of faculty members to attend to student needs in both class content and graduate research. The measures also provide means for scrutiny of the program itself by examining the experiences of its graduates. Lastly, direct examination of accreditations provide a clear image of how the academic community views the program. These measures will be successful in evaluating which school offers the best program.