Disgrace: Parent-Child Relationships Essay -- Literary Analysis

Family is often a common theme that is shared across many of J.M Coetzee novels. Family members are usually distant to separately other or the relationships between parents and children do not succeed in a conventional way. When Coetzee allows for members to engage in relationships with one another they are any strained or tainted by violence (Splendore 148). This is especially true in his novel Disgrace. In Disgrace David Lurie, an English professor, is arguably forced to reconcile from his position at the University, because of this Lurie moves to his daughters farm in Eastern Cape. The pair appears to build a normal relationship most of the time, but there is some diaphanous discomfort. As time progresses the relationship begins to improve, only to be ruined by an attack. Lurie is locked up, beaten and set on fire, where Lucy, his daughter, is gang raped and left with a pregnancy. It is at this point that their relationship begins to crumble. Although Lurie loves his daughter it is his failed attempts to understand her situation and his eagerness to push her in the right direction that lead to a colder, more distant relationship.Luries displays of love towards Lucy are undeniable. From the attack on Lurie shows overwhelming amounts of love for Lucy. This is mostly apparent during the attack, where Lurie very seldom shows any concern for his own well-being, but shows capacious amounts for Lucys, even when his own life is in jeopardy. As soon as Lurie regains consciousness, and realizes that he has been locked in the bathroom he begins to worry about his child in the hands of strangers and that whatever is happening to her will be set in stone (Coetzee 94). With these thoughts in mind Lurie attempts to escape by kic... ...e end of the novel Lucy and Lurie have grown so far apart that they rarely speak or spend any time together, this is all a result of the problems that Luries dignity to her situation. Works CitedCoetzee, J.M. Disgrace . New York Penguin Books, 2000. Print.Dooley, Gillian. J. M. Coetzee and the power of narrative . Amherst, NY Cambria Press, 2010. Print.Kossew, Sue. The Politics of Shame and Redemption in J.M Coetzees Disgrace. Research in African Literatures 34.2 (2003) 155 162. Project hypothesise . Web. 26 Oct. 2010.McDonald, Bill. Encountering disgrace reading and teaching Coetzees novel. Rochester, NY Camden House, 2009. Print.Splendore, Paola . No more mothers and father The Family Sib-Text in J.M Coetzees Novels. Journal of Commonwealth Literature 38.3 (2003) 148-161. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature. Web. 26 Oct. 2010

Mainstreaming: Does it Help Childrens Special Needs? Essay example --

Mainstreaming Does it Help Childrens Special Needs? Inclusion describes the practice of placing children with special needs in regular classrooms. Inclusion, also known as mainstreaming, gives all students the opportunity to learn from their individual differences. It allows special needs children to receive their education in a prevalent society. Children with special needs are encouraged by the challenges that face them in a regular classroom. They also learn to defend themselves from the attitudes of other students. At the homogeneous time, non disabled students will learn to recognize and respect the talents and abilities of their peers. Mainstreaming focuses on providing services to students in a regular classroom setting rather than pulling them emerge to receive special services. For many civilizes, mainstreaming is the norm. in all students, disabled or not do have the right to an equal opportunity in education. Kate Manners, an intelligent, funny, eight-ye ar-old with cerebal palsy is an manikin of a disabled child striving for her opportunity in a regular classroom. Sometimes it takes a very large key to open counterbalance a small door (Baldrige, 1). Individual with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was the key to her door of education. After attending the Schreiber Pediatric Center in Lancaster for children with disabilities, her parents, professors, and therapists, felt that she was ready for the humanity school system. The recommendation of the multi-disciplinary evaluation team from Rohrerstown Elementary in the Hemfield School District in Lancaster was for her to attend a kindergarten class in another school that provides support and student aid for those students not ready to attend a regular kindergarten class. After one y... ...r extra help in certain subjects. All of this scheduling can become distractive to the classroom. A third issue that faces mainstreaming is the budget constraints. The cost of providing all the need s of disabled children is especially high. The costs of the teachers aids, and therapy can aim a strain on public school districts budgets. Educators d parents. If administrators, teachers, and parents come together to learn about the change then they can open up a new world of education for children. Mainstreaming allows disabled and non disable children to learn and grow together. This experience helps them to deal with individual differences and to learn to look beyond them. In my opinion mainstreaming is only a positive outcome for the education of children. Both disabled and nondiabled students have the right to an equal occupation despite their differences.

Barn Burning Essay -- essays research papers

barn Burning "Youre getting to be a man. You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you." This quote from William Faulkners "Barn Burning" does reveal a underlying issue in the story, as Jane Hiles suggests in her interpretation. The story is about blood ties, but more specifically, how these ties affect Sarty (the central character of the story). The story examines the internal conflict and dilemma that Sarty faces. When the story begins, Sarty and his family argon in a courtroom. Sarty, known in a proper setting as Colonel Sartoris, which in itself gives an insight into the families mentality. Sartys father, Abner Snopes is being accused of a barn burning. Right away, as Sarty is called to testify, you get an idea of what is going through the boys head, and the mentality that has be ingrained in him. He thinks to himself, Enemy Enemy, referring to the people that his father and his family for that matter are up against. Sarty would later discover that things are not always the way that his father leads everyone to believe they are. Sarty, somewhere deep down wants to just do what is right, but being roughly 10 geezerhood old, I dont think he quite has that figured out yet. His sense of right and wrong has been biased under the tyranny of his father. We in addition get a good idea of the personality of the father, Abner, by the way Sarty describes his physical appearance. Abner is...

Megans Law Essay -- essays research papers

In July of 1994, a little girl named, Megan Kanka, wasraped and strangled. They rig her body near her home inHamilton Township, New Jersey. The story of thing younggirl has shocked the nation. The man responsible for thisbrutal act is named, Jesse Timmendequas. He had beenconvicted twice prior to this attack. He also served sixyears in a treatment facility and had been released. Many mint said that he was a quiet man, and this left them tothink he was harmless. Unfortunately, this wasnt the case.This sex offender traveld in the same town, as a matter offact, he lived across the passage from the Kanka family. Thisman was not ready to be released at all. In fact, heshouldnt have been released. This only left him more of anopportunity to stike again.This information brought the lot of Hamilton Townshipto pass around a petition. The petition stated that a statelaw be passed informing the citizens of their community thatsuch people live amongst them. This isnt a rare request. Infact, there have been numerous attempts to bring this lawinto affect. This should have been done from the beginning,but some people rattling think these sex offenders haverights. Well, the people of Hamilton Township didnt agree.They felt that they should have been told that this sexoffender lived within their neighborhood. "The real issueisnt that the people of Hamilton Township were deniedinformation on this sex offender, but why was this manreleased after only six...

History Of The Internet Essay -- essays research papers fc

register of the InternetWorks CitedBuick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran. Introducing Cyberspace. New York, NY TotemBooks, 1995.Crick, Prof. Rex E. E-Mail History. Online Availablehttp//www2.uta.edu/geology/compulit/mailhist.html, December 20, 1999.Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Mathew. Where Wizards Stay up Late. New York, NY     Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996."Internet." Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999 ed.Kristula, Dave. The History of the Internet. Online Available      http//www.davesite.com/net-history.html, November 19, 1999.Network Solutions, Inc. What is the History of the Internet. Online Available      http//www.vzinet.com/train/history/sld01.html, November 19, 1999.Torgiano. Vinton Cerf. Online Available      http//www.mediamente.rai.it/english/c/cerf.htm, December 20, 1999WebmasterISOC.ORG. History of the Internet. Online Available http//www.isoc.org/Internet/History/History, December 21, 1999.Johns on 1The Internet is a vast network of computers and other mini-networks all linked together so that everyone canful find information, purchase products, or meet new people. It is easily accessible from home for anyone that has a computer and a modem or at a local anaesthetic library. It has made a huge impact since its introduction to the public and now some people cannot see life without it. It is also relatively new considering it was only if about 10 years ago that it was made public and easily accessible to everyone thorough online services.     The Internet works by a number of connections, leading(a) to a bigger one and then somehow finding where it wants to be. So how does it do this? First it begins at the PC where the Users machine is supply to send and receive all variety of audio and video. From there, the info goes out through the PCs communication to the users "Local Loop" which is the Internet service provider such as AOL or some othe r online provider. In there, the system decides what kind of data is being sent and at this location it tells the data what type of data it is and where to go. Examples of the different kinds of data are Domain Name Server, E-mail, and newsgroups. From there it is sent to the ISP backbone, which interconnects the I... ...rs, the Internet has grown from a Cold War concept for controlling the bedraggled remains of a post-nuclear society to the Information Superhighway. Just as the railroads of the 19th century enabled the Machine Age, and revolutionized the society of the time, the Internet takes us into the Information Age, and affects the world in which we live. (Torgiano).These days, people are telecommuting over the Internet, allowing them to choose where to live based on quality of life, not how close it is to work. Many cities view the Internet as a solution to their jam-packed highways and smoggy air. Schools use the Internet as a vast electronic library, with many possibiliti es. Doctors use the Internet to consult with colleagues thousands of miles away. As a new generation grows up as accustomed to communicating through a keyboard as in person, life on the Internet will fuck off an increasingly important part of life on Earth. Personally, I see the Twenty-first Century as The Age of the Internet. The Internet has come a long way in the past 50 years. Its gone from basic TCP/IP file sharing to state-of-the-art animation and hand graphics, and thats not including the way to share files.

Lewis Latimer :: essays research papers

Lewis Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1848. He was the son of George and Rebecca Latimer, get away slaves from Virginia. When Lewis Latimer was a boy his father George was arrested and tried as a slave fugitive. The judge ordered his return to Virginia and slavery, but the local community to pay for George Latimers freedom raised money. George Latimer later went underground fearing his re-enslavement, a great hardship for Lewis family. Lewis Latimer enlisted in the Union Navy at the age of 15 by forge the age on his birth certificate. Upon the completion of his military service, Lewis Latimer returned to Boston, Massachusetts where he was employed by the patent solicitors Crosby & Gould. While working in the mogul Lewis began the study of drafting and eventually became their head draftsmen. During his employment with Crosby & Gould, Latimer drafted the patent drawings for Alexander Graham Bells patent application for the telephone, spending long nights with the inventor. Bell locomote his patent application to the patent office mere hours ahead of the competition and won the patent rights to the telephone with the help of Latimer. Hiram Maxim, founder of the U.S. Electric Light Co., at Bridgeport, CN, and the inventor of the Maxim machine gun, hired Lewis Latimer as an assistant manager and draftsman. Latimers talent for drafting and his creative genius led him to invent a rule of making carbon filaments for the Maxim electric incandescent lamp. In 1881, he supervised the installation of the electric lights in New York, Philadelphia, Montreal, and London. Lewis Latimer was the original draftsman for doubting Thomas Edison (who he started working for in 1884) and as such was the star witness in Edisons infringement suits. Lewis Latimer was the only African American member of the two dozen "Edison Pioneers", Thomas Edisons engineering division of the Edison Company. Latimer also co-authored a book on electricity published in 1890 called, "Incandescent Electric Lighting A realistic Description of the Edison System." Lewis Latimer had many interests. He was an inventor, draftsman, engineer, author, poet, musician, and, at the same time, a devoted family man and philanthropist.

English Transformation Practice Essay Essay

Composers often use divers(prenominal) methods to portray similar ideas to their audience. How have the deuce texts you have studied reflect the same ideas in different slipway?Shakespe atomic number 18s Taming of the Shrew and Jill Junges 10 Things I Hate about You are examples of where composers have used different methods to portray similar ideas to their audience. This essay will compare the three common themes the texts share, including labor union and dating, deceitfulness and disguise and the role and pecking order of women in smart set. By comparing the dramatic and film techniques used in each of these respective texts, the common themes are expressed in their individual ways which ultimately are up to(p) to engage their audiences.Tradition eithery, economics and financial gain have been the more important aspect in relationships, especially marriage, as opposed to love. The marriage and dating customs of society have remained relatively similar over epoch. In Taming of the Shrew, the audience is given an exclusive view into what marriage meant to society and individuals of the Elizabethan period. William Shakespeare conveyed how marriage as a financial gain was specifically applied to peoples during his era in Taming of the Shrew, where in Act 1 Scene 2, Petruchio and his servant Grumio tour Hortensios house. Petruchio boldly announces his quest to wed a rich wife.I come to wive it wealthily in Padua, if wealthily then happily in Padua. Such a blunt statement clearly shows Petruchios gold digger of a personality and his values when it comes to marriage, most likely influenced by the society he lives in. When Hortensio refers Petruchio to Katherina as part of a devious scheme for Bianca, the dramatic irony only further enhances how when it comes to women, men of Petruchios standard prioritize marriage as a financial transaction first, then their own feelings or even the feelings of the intended and that the view of the female is not taken into account. In this way, Shakespeare is able to demonstrate the value of marriage and by comparing this to 10 Things I Hate about you, it is evident that the same values still apply.The modern daytime teenage filmic text is still able to portray marriage and dating for the most part as a profitable process through a different setting. When Joey asked Patrick to take out Kat, again, for his own warped benefit, including the punchline that if Patrick were to make Kat his own problem, a generous compensation would be rewarded, Patrick immediately becomes interested. youre going to constitute me to take out some chick? How much?. This question highlights Patricks cleverly concealed interest in this deal because it ultimately involves money.Throughout this scene, Joey is seen mostly cast in sunlight, which suggests an almost innocent like motive to his request, where as Patrick is seemingly more of the selfish, sullen and nasty party in his business deal, because it is all for money, an d he is completely disregarding or holding no respect for what Kats opinion and emotions might be on this matter if she comprehend of it. Jill Junge also makes effective use of medium shots, where the surly facial expressions of Patrick and arrogant body language of Joey and Patrick can be observed in more stage during their conversation. It also shows the reactions and emotions of them both whilst finalizing their business deal. The camera works and techniques of Jill Junge in this scene evidently express the monetary benefits of marriage and dating throughout time, from Shakespeares time well into the modern day.Deception and disguise in the two set texts involves harmlessly deceiving one, or multitudes of people by impersonating someone, or good at something theyre in actual fact not, the result of which is gaining something in personal value. Shakespeare expresses his interpretation of deception and disguise through Act I Scene II where upon arriver in Padua Lucentio and Tran io swap identities with each other as part of the plan to capture Biancas heart. Tranio assures when I am alone, why then I am Tranio, but in all places else, your master Lucentio. Master and servant are well disguised as someone theyre not, and the chess pieces are set.Furthermore, Baptista, Bianca, Petruchio and the others of the tale are deceived by the role swapping of Lucentio and Tranio. Again, the use of dramatic irony further increases the masquerade atmosphere developing in this scene, thus supporting the theme of deception and disguise, for masquerades often involve not knowing the identity of anyone as their face is so effectively shielded with masks. Shakespeare cleverly inserts the concept of deception and disguise at bottom his play that it becomes an important and crucial particle to the plot, and when compared back to 10 Things I Hate about You, deception and disguise is another important and crucial element to the plot.

Lester Ward’s Contributions to American Sociology

Lester Frank shelter was a man of science. Sometimes dubbed as the Father of American Sociology or the neighborly Darwin Lester harbor was first a botanist and paleontologist. He understood the power of science. Ward wrote Dynamic Sociology and a few other fiddles with the hopes to reinstate the splendor of experimentation and the scientific method to sociology. He served as president of the American Sociological Society in 1906 and appointed assistant geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, a define he held for two years.Born to Justus and Silence on June 18, 1941, young Lester came from very humble beginnings. His parents were very poor and could non afford to send him to school. So, Ward taught himself at home. Even at a young age, Ward displayed exceptional intelligence. He taught himself how to speak different languages, Latin and Greek to name a few. His studies also include mathematics, botany, and geology. Although, he was not at the apt level as Comte or Voltaire, he made many contri howeverions to all things brotherly and founded sociology in America.He went on to join the fight against the Rebels in 1862. He was sent home after the Battle of Chancellorsville after being shot three times. While healing from his wounds, he also saw the reality of war which is legalized murder. He realized that the real enemy was ignorance, superstition, and oppression. In college, he felt that if he was a recognized for his work in the natural sciences, then most would listen to him in the field of sociology. He believed that the natural sciences should be the base for social sciences.Wards path of writing was cognize to be brilliant and crystal clear. One might think this stems from his uncanny talent for language. His writings are plain and comprehensible, which is a suggestion of fresh air for a reader who might not comprehend wordy and difficult styles of writing. Dynamic Sociology is maven of Wards well known works. The reception at first was not th at grand and Ward about gave up on sociology to focus his energies on botany and geology. It eventually was praised by one of Wards toughest critics, Albion W.Small. When Dynamic Sociology was translated into Russian, it bugger offd such a stir in the Russian government that the Czar ordered all copies to be burned in the city square of St. Petersburg in 1891. This is what George Kennan had to say about the book burning I have tried in my humble way to serve the cause of liberty in Russia, but I have not been able to do it with ability enough to get my writings burned. You are evidently a very dangerous man (Chugerman, 66). Pure Sociology is Wards most popular work.The transition in Wards views of corporation from naturalistic to an almost completely cultural view is evident in this work. It got rave reviews overseas but, America was a bit cold towards it. Ward had many minor contributions to sociology, but there are three major contributions that have endure throughout the years . First was the emphasis which Ward placed upon psychic factors in interhuman relations (Chugerman, 3). Ward believed that human intelligence could guide and control wishes, desires, and feelings. Only the human mind can understand a society in which humans live.A tidy example would be happiness. In Dynamic Sociology, Ward explains that happiness in the popular restricted sense is the experiencing of the higher emotional pleasures afforded by the gratification of social, esthetic, moral, and intellectual taste(Gerver, 7). Wards second contribution for the sociologist of today was his emphasis upon human achievement as the proper subject matter for sociology (Chugerman, 3). He did not believe that any species below man was capable of human achievement. This is proof of his different viewpoint previously mentioned.His view of human society was mainly naturalistic, to that extent here one sees the change to a cultural view. Ward believed that desires and purposes were the foundation of culture that came about by accident at first, but could be morphed into goodly social purposes. He also states that sociology is the science of that culture. His third major contribution to sociology is his passionate affirmation of the possibility of intelligent social progress (Chugerman, 3). He severely believed in and pushed for the development of sociology as a science. He believed education was the safest method in which to develop intelligent social progress.Wards definition of social progress is the increase of happiness of mankind (Chugerman, 4). Even then, some found this definition insufficient, yet it cant be denied that Ward built a strong foundation for sociology with his philosophy. Telesis is the theory that through the power of mind, humans can take control of the situation and direct the evolution of human society. A telic society will develop individuals and therefore society as a whole. The higher the individual is develop, the more develop society will be. Progress depends on the achievements. manage Comte, Ward suggested that sociology should use the cientific method of the natural sciences. Wards constructed his synthetic method from Comtes idea of synthesis and believed that science has no problems that cannot be solved.The tenderness of the synthetic method is the law of causality, the magnetic pole which keeps the mind within the bounds of reason (Chugerman, 100). To ignore this means to go back to metaphysics, where anything is possible and things pass without a cause. Wards philosophy as the love of wisdom is the ideal behind his sociocracy. acquisition keeps the philosopher grounded and not to fly off into mistaken the unearthly for reality. Science alone is the base of all philosophy (Chugerman, 94). Ward also believed that philosophy is a branch of the scientific method. From philosophy as synthesis rises science-philosophy. Science and philosophy go hand in hand and Ward believed that only a scientist can become a true philosopher (Chugerman, 95). Ward became an advocate for womens rights. Most sociologists disagreed with his theory that women were superior to men. Ward questioned how the mother of race came to be at such an inferior state and what forces has shaped them.He stated that masculine superiority was a fallacy and a result of tradition and prejudice (Chugerman, 380). Wards sex theories were opposed by both sexes and had a downcast following. One female write, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, dedicated her work, The Man-Made World, to Ward. Ward was a champion for the equality of all races and classes. He believed that this could only be achieved through universal education. He fervently opposed eugenics, the study and practice of selective breeding applied to humans, with the aim of improving the species.Charlotte Gillman strongly agreed with this movement and Ward harshly criticized her for it. Lester Ward passed away in the year 1913 at age 72. Ward was an eccentric man and had few friend s. The few eulogies given by his friends remembered a man who fought unrelentingly for human freedom and equality. Sadly, the majority of the public only saw him as an old professor. Only those closest to him put him in the same rank as Comte or Huxley. His love for the common people and hard work secures his place in 20th century America.

Toyota Vietnam

In today automobiles industry, Toyota is well-known not only in Asia but also all over the world. Established seven decades ago, we could say that Toyota brand has been appe ard most of countries all over the world, and they have a big entice on automobiles industry. Beside the success of Toyota through decades, Toyota has faced with m any obstacle that affect strongly on its reputation in a few years clog. Overview Toyota was tack by Sakichi Toyoda. It traces the companys development through 1937, when Toyota repel Co. Ltd was established with the mission is to make maximum long-term profits for its stockholders and be a good corporate citizen. In 1950, a Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd was built because the company faces a financial crisis. After thirty years, Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd and Toyota motor sale Co. , Ltd are merged into Toyota Motor Corporation, 1982. The director of Toyota Corporation is Mr. Fujio Cho. Today, Toyota is the worlds second or third largest automobiles manuf acturer in both unit sales and in net sales, and the No. 1 vender of retail vehicles in the US.It produces over 5. 5 million vehicles per year. Toyota Motor Vietnam (TMV) was established in 1995 and official opening in October 1996. President is Mr. Akito Tachibana. Vietnam Toyotas product includes Hiace, Camry, Corolla Altis, Innova, Vios and Fortuner (Locally-produced models)and contribute Cruiser, Hilux (Imported models), with a production capacity of 20,000 vehicles/year. TMV is possessed by three associates Toyota Motor Corporation (70%), Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinery Corporation VEAM (20%), KUO Singapore Pte. Ltd (10%). Fact issues The number 1 root caper which Toyota Vietnam encounters is business ethics. TMV is irresponsible in securing the customers safety. Although, during production process, the company detected three seriously technical flaws which are involved in safety standard contents, they still passed the decision to launch faulty cars to the marke t. At the time 2006- 2011, Innova and Fortuner cars were attracting lots of demands by convenient designs, suitable price.It led TMVs sale productivity last year up to 31,000 cars for Innova series that occupied 1/3 market share in Vietnam, according to bbc. co. uk/Vietnamese- article in 8th April 12, 2011. That means TMV get lots of profit from those attracted products but users lives are threatening when driving. Moreover, the problem is just exposed to public by an employee who dissatisfy with the irresponsibility of company. It leads the authorities entering into the investigations. The company brand was broken down and TMV started losing the customers loyalty.However, in a press conference, Mr. Tadashi Yoshida- production director of TMV sustain that if there are any accidents which are defined relating to those technical faults by authorities, TMV will take the responsibility. That means the rights of customers arent respected the safety of thousands of consumers are not co ncentrated on. The second root problem which Toyota Vietnam is facing is human. In an organization, the human factor is the core in whole processes from production to management. Their power and voice are invaluable to the growth of company.However, TMV is losing themselves far away their working philosophy To employees, we always record and respect each individuals efforts and donation in our success. In the case thousands faulty cars recently, Le Van Tach-an engineer of TMV find out serious faults which will affect to users safety, and send proffer to stop manufacturing and recall the faulty cars to fix immediately. But, the managers dont heed feedbacks, ideas, or opinions to solve problems effectively. They tend to ignore Mr. Tach many times, and have controlling decisions.That means employees contributions in TMV success arent way. Therefore, the company has to face heavy criticisms. Solution Toyota cooperation offers several handling there problem including the impertine nt and the cozy problems. Firstly, Toyota has some solution for external issue. To customers, the dodging carry the title Customer first which includes creating a complaint center for receiving, handling any customers complaints and solving problem with a good and friendly attitude. In addition, the complaint center also handles the employees suggestion.Further more than, they could organize some corporate social responsibility programs to gain back their reputation and create a new responsibility image in communitys heart. Besides, they also need to do promotion to attract more customers. To employees, they should always record and respect each individuals efforts and contribution in our success. This human-being business view point has made our active contributions for the society as the good citizen at the local community with 3 important targets Customers satisfaction Active contributions to Vietnams automobile industry and to Vietnam society.Secondly, Toyota has a strategy t o solve the internal problem. In human resources strategy, Toyota divided into eight areas such as rewards and acknowledgment, training, hiring, the performance management process, corporate culture, leadership development and succession, retention, risk assessment. However, basing on the published article, we rump understand that TMV only need to execute in some fields include rewards and recognition, training, and the performance management process. The purpose of any corporate reward process is to encourage and incent the right behaviors and to discourage the negative ones.Its important for the reward process to incent the gathering of information about problems. Its equally important to reward employees who are successful in getting executives to take immediate action on negative information. Toyota can use rewards and recognition for the ones who can contribute the ideas of Cost-cutting, for example. Secondly, for training process, Toyota is famous for its four-step cycle pl an/do/check/act but clearly the training among managers now needs to focus more on the last two.In addition, in an environment where safety is paramount, everyone should have been trained on the symptoms of groupthink and how to avoid the excess discounting or ignoring of negative external safety information. Finally, Performance management processes identify problem behaviors before they get out of hand, measure responsiveness to negative information, report groupthink type errors. Toyota doing so well, possibly for the time by time the strategy out of dates so retention and improving the current customers needs. Implementation The implementation of the strategy of Toyota should follow the ime illustrated by the the graph below. Conclusion General speaking, Toyotas problems are the lessons for all of corporations in automobiles industry in particular and for all corporations in the world in general.Through those issues, we can conclude with three lessons. Firstly, the companies s hould not neglect the quality control, even though a famous brand. Secondly, they should not accelerate the market share without focusing on product quality control. Finally, they should build and protect the essence of the brand which is the strength of the brand, which is the product quality in the case of Toyota.Work citedhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/vietnam/2011/04/110408_toyotavietnam_recall.shtml http//www.tinmoi.vn/6-ldquochieurdquo-Toyota-dung-de-doi-pho-voi-con-loc-trieu-hoi-xe-04177312.html http//www.tienphong.vn/Xe-Hoi/533817/Toyota-se-nga-ngua-o-VN-vi-bi-tay-chay-.html http//vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-cho-rang-xe-bi-to-loi-khong-can-thu-hoi/75283550/87/ http//vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-VN-xin-thu-hoi-xe-bi-to-dinh-loi-nghiem-trong/75284215/87/ http//vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Toyota-Viet-Nam-van-lap-lo-thong-tin/75283765/87/ http//tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/business/toyota-vietnam-technical-flaws-spark-public-outrage-1.26622 http//tuoitrenews.vn/cmlink/tuoitrenews/busines s/vietnam-must-inspect-toyota-over-technical-faults-1.26804

Employee Management, Inventory and Purchasing System

Class and Section IT 230 Group Name GREGORIO_JOLCANAIN_FRASCO Group Members Gregorio, Ralph Jolcanain, Sandra Frasco, Harry Nelson Date August 19, 2012 Company/Office Sagittarius Mines Inc. title of respect of Project Stage Employee steering, Inventory and purchase System Sagittarius Mines Inc. REQUIREMENTS specification AND CONCEPTUAL DATA MODEL Employee Management, Inventory and Purchasing System Sagittarius Mines Inc. I. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION The Organization Sagittarius Mines, Inc. SMI) is development the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project in southern Philippine island of Mindanao, involving one of the worlds largest undeveloped copper-gold deposits. SMI is a contractor of the Philippine regime under the terms of a Financial and Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA). Business Environment SMI currently operate from offices in Makati City in Manila, in General Santos and Digos cities and in the municipalities of Tampakan, Columbio, and Kiblawan. As at the end of 2010 we employ ed more than 370 staff and more than 1,000 contractors. SMI has a strong track-record as a company that whole act upons in a responsible manner.In fact, their commitment to corporate social responsibility in the Philippines has been recognized with numerous awards including the 2006, 2009 and 2010 Presidential Environmental Award, the 2010 Award of Distinction from the recourse Organization of the Philippines and recognition in 2010 as the Outstanding Stakeholder from the subdivision of Education in Region XII. Sagitarrius Mines Inc. is being managed by a general manager who oversees the trading operations Manager, Human Resource Manager, Finance and Commercial Manager, Risk Management and course of instruction Manager.Operations Manager Human Resource Manager Finance and Commercial Manager Risk Management And course of instruction Manager General Manager General Manager Duties include Increases steerings effectualness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching , counseling, and disciplining managers communicating values, strategies, and objectives assigning accountabilities planning, monitoring, and appraising job results developing incentives developing a climate for offering information and opinions providing educational opportunities.Develops strategic plan by studying technological and financial opportunities presenting assumptions recommending objectives. Accomplishes subsidiary objectives by establishing plans, budgets, and results measurements allocating resources reviewing progress do mid-course corrections. Coordinates efforts by establishing procurement, production, marketing, field, and technical services policies and practices coordinating actions with corporate staff.Builds company image by collaborating with customers, government, community physical compositions, and employees enforcing ethical business practices. Maintains quality service by establishing and enforcing organization standards. Maintains professional and tec hnical knowledge by attending educational workshops reviewing professional publications establishing personal networks benchmarking state-of-the-art practices participating in professional societies. Operations Manager An operations manager runs the day-to-day operations of an organization or business.Her sole purpose is to find ways to make the company more productive by providing effective methods in its business operations. An individual in this position usually prep bes program budgets, facilitates several programs around the company, controls inventory, handles logistics and interviews and supervises employees. A person interested in operations management needs to have a strong leadership background and must know how to handle problems quickly and efficiently. In addition, she must have great dialogue skillsHuman Resource Manager- The Human Resources Manager originates and leads Human Resources practices and objectives that will provide an employee-oriented, high performance culture that emphasizes empowerment, quality, productivity and standards, goal attainment, and the recruitment and ongoing development of a superior workforce. The Human Resources Manager coordinates implementation of services, policies, and programs through Human Resources staff reports to the General Manager and serves on the executive management team and assists and advises company managers somewhat Human Resources issues.Risk Management And Program Manager -Risk and Program Manager advises organization on any potential risks to the profitability or existence of the company. They identify and prize threats, put plans in place for if things go wrong and decide how to avoid, reduce or transfer risks. Risk managers be responsible for managing the risk to the organization, its employees, customers, reputation, assets and interests of stakeholders.They may work in a variety of sectors and may specialize in a number of areas including enterprise risk, corporate governance, regulator y and operational risk, business continuity, information and pledge risk, technology risk, and market and credit risk. They prepare and administer the companys property and casualty insurance program in compliance with state and national laws and regulations. Develop and implement safety policies and loss prevention programs. Establish a climate that inspires achievement through direct upervision and motivation of part managers. Lead efforts in goal-setting and long-range planning, and provide leadership and daily direction. Critical Factors for the company needs to succeed are as follows 1. Constant Availability of gadgets that are being employ in the operations and communication 2. Availability of documents needed to monitor the operations. 3. Proper Execution of the Job orders from a department to another department. 4. Efficient and Fast affect of Reports. EXISTING SYTEMThe current Employee Management, Inventory and Purchasing System are do manually. The Human Resource dep artment, the inventory and the purchasing system are all done using Microsoft Excel for keeping and tracking records. After the hiring process, the profiles of the employees from the resumes of them are encoded and stored at Microsoft Excel and updates it also there, Once the files are needed by the IT department who are in-charged of the releasing and collecting of Gadgets to be used by the company employees, they will just send it through e-mail.As the process for the inventory of the gadgets goes, it is tracked by put down who borrowed and who will be liable for the gadget In Microsoft Excel. The employee who needs the gadget needs to email the IT department for the need of the item. Upon the request, it will be checked if there are available item and further notice is sent to the requestor with regards to the item borrowing. The item is also monitored if it is in good condition and need to be replaced by a new one. All transactions must be logged in Microsoft Excel so it will be record.Once there is a need to grease ones palms a new item, the purchasing department must be notified. The purchasing process is also monitored using manual inputting data in Microsoft Excel. As the IT department notified the purchasing department that the need of item is situated, they will assess the ordering of the item from a supplier. And once the item is delivered by the supplier, It will be documented in the Excel that the item is now purchased. Statement of the Project Scope This project will cover the Employee Profiling System, Inventory Tracking System and Purchasing System of Sagittarius Mines Inc. . Employee Profiling The Proposed system limits only in the maintenance of employee profile and creating fast and efficient employee profile report to all present and recent employees whether regular, probationary, contractual, or contractors. 2. Inventory Tracking The Proposed System focuses on tracking the deployment of items(gadgets), the returning, the condition of item and creating fast and efficient inventory report of all items borrowed and returned by either employee of SMI. 3. Purchasing item delivery, purchasing order, maintain supplier list, item maintenanceThe Proposed System limits only with the delivery of the concomitant from the purchasig departemt to the IT department, the purcharing order, maintenance of the suppliers and items. The areas covered by the project are department of IT department, HR department and Purchasing department concerning to profiling, item inventory and purchasing. II. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 2. 1 Purchase Order face 2. 1. 1 Employee Requests item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, term, leniencyDate, groupNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, affaircaseNo.Entity Purchase Order Details Characteristics PODNo, PPOCreationDate, POOrderDate, EmployeeID Entity Purchase feature Details Characteristics PIDNo, Quantity, PODNO, provider ID , COst, Remarks, Description, POItemNo 2. 1. 2 Supplier Delivers Item Entity Supplier Characteristics SupplierID, CompanyName, Address, ContactNo, EmailAddress Entity Purchase Item Details Characteristics PIDNo, Quantity, PODNo, Supplier ID, COst, Remarks, Description, POItemNo Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, Device attributeNo, ReceivedItemNo, cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus . 2 Deliver Items View 2. 2. 1 Employee Delivers Item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo. Entity Purchase Item Details Characteristics PIDNo, Quantity, PODNO, Supplier ID, COst, Remarks, Description, POItemNo, Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, comprise, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1 Items View 3. 1. 1 Employee Borrowed Item Entity EmployeeChara cteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo. Entity Render Item Characteristics RenderedItemNo, DateRendered, SerialNo, Employee ID Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, woo, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1. 2 Employee Returns Item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo.Entity Return Item Characteristics ReturnItemNo, ReturnDate, Remarks, RenderedItemNo, SerialNo Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, Cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1. 3 Employee Lost Item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo. Entity Lost Item Characteristics LostItemNo, DateLost, Remarks, EmployeeID, SerialNo Entity ItemCharacteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, Cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1. 4 Employee Donate Item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo. Entity Donate Item Characteristics DonationItemNo, DonationDate, Status, EmployeeID, SerialNo Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, Cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1. 5 Employee Retire Item Entity EmployeeCharacteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo. Entity Retire Item Characteristic s RetiredItemNo, RetiredDate, Status, EmployeeID, SerialNo Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, Cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus 3. 1. 6 Employee Request Repair Item Entity Employee Characteristics EmployeeID, FName, LName, EmpAddress, WorkLocationID, PositionID, Status, ResignationDate, TeamNo, DeprtmentNo, StartDate, EndDate, ContactNo, EmploymentTypeNo.Entity Repair Request Characteristics RepairRequestNo, RequestDate, RepairStatus, DoneDate, , Employee ID Entity Item Characteristics Serial No, DeviceTypeNo, ReceivedItemNo, Cost, Status, ItemType, DateReceived, DeliveryDate, DeliveryStatus III. system of logical Design 1. Functional Dependencies Item display panel 3NF SerialNo -gt Device Type No. , Received Item No. , Cost, Status, Item Type Device Type put back 3NF DeviceTypeNo -gt Type, Model ,Brand Communication Services board 3NF AccountNo -gt Item_Serial No. , MIN, IMEI, PlanStartDate, PlanEndDate, Status, Remarks, PlanCost, Employee ID Inventory Table 2NFDisposeNo -gtDisposalDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo RetiredItemNo -gt RetiredDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo RendereditemNo -gtDateRendered, Employee ID, Serial No. Donation Item No -gt DonationDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo ReturnItemNo -gt ReturnDate, Remark, RendereditemNo, SerialNo LostItemNo -gt DateLost, Remarks, Employee ID, SerialNo 3NF Decomposition of Inventory Dispose Item 3NF bowl Name DisposeNo PK DisposalDate Status Employee ID FK SerialNo FK DisposeNo -gtDisposalDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo Return Item 3NF Field Name RetiredItemNo PK ReturnDate Status Employee ID FK SerialNo FK RetiredItemNo -gt RetiredDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo RenderedItem 3NF Field Name RenderedItemNo PK DateRendered Status Employee ID FK SerialNo FK RendereditemNo -gtDateRendered, Employee ID, SerialNo DonationItem 3NF Field Name DonationItemNo PK DonationDate Status Employee ID FK SerialNo FK Donation It em No -gt DonationDate, Status, Employee ID, SerialNo ReturnItem 3NF Field Name ReturnItemNo PK ReturnDate Status RendereditemNo FK SerialNo FK ReturnItemNo -gt ReturnDate, Remark, RendereditemNo, SerialNoLostItem 3NF Field Name LostItemNo PK DateLost Remarks Employee ID FK SerialNo FK LostItemNo -gt DateLost, Remarks, Employee ID, SerialNo PurchaseTable 2NF PIDNo -gt Quantity, PODNo, Supplier ID, Cost, Remarks, Description, POItemNo PODNo -gt POCreationDate, POOrderDate, Employee_Employee ID ReceivedItemNo -gt DateReceived, Remarks, PIDNo DeliveryNo-gt DeliveryStatus, DeliveryDate, ReceivedItemNo, Datereceived 3NF Decomposition of Purchase Purchase Item Details 3NF Field Name PIDNo PK Quantity PODNo FK Supplier ID FK Cost Remarks Description POItemNo PIDNo -gt Quantity, PODNo, Supplier ID, Cost, Remarks, Description, POItemNo Purchase Order Details 3NF Field Name PODNo PK POCreationDate POOrderDate Employee ID FK PODNo -gt POCreationDate, POOrderDate, Employee ID Rece ivedItem 3NF Field Name ReceivedItemNo PK DateReceived Remarks PIDNo FK ReceivedItemNo -gt DateReceived, Remarks, PIDNo Delivery Item3NF Field Name DeliveryNo PK DeliveryStatus DeliveryDate ReceivedItemNo Datereceived DeliveryNo-gt DeliveryStatus, DeliveryDate, ReceivedItemNo, Datereceived Supplier Table 3NFSupplier ID -gt CompanyName, Address, ContactNo, EmailAddress Employee Table 2NF Employee ID -gt Fname, Lname, Mname, EmpAddress, Work Location, Position ID, Status, Resignation Date, TeamNo, DepartmentNo, Startdate, Enddate, EmploymentTypeNo TeamNo -gt TeamName, DepartmentNo, EmployeeID DepartmentNo gt DepartmentName PositionNo -gt PositionTitle, Level WorkLocationNo -gt WorkLocationName EmploymentTypeNo -gt EmploymentType 3NF Decomposition of Employee Employeesummary 3NF Field Name Employee ID PK Fname Lname Mname EmpAddress Work Location FK Position ID FK Status ResignationDate TeamNo FK DepartmentNo FK Startdate Enddate EmploymentTypeNo FK Employee ID -gt Fnam e, Lname, Mname, EmpAddress, Work Location, Position ID, Status, Resignation Date, TeamNo, DepartmentNo, Startdate, Enddate, EmploymentTypeNo Team 3NF Field Name TeamNo PK TeamName DepartmentNo FK EmployeeID FK TeamNo -gt TeamName, DepartmentNo, EmployeeID Department 3NF Field Name DepartmentNo PK DepartmentName DepartmentNo gt DepartmentName Position 3NF Field Name PositionNo PK PositionTitle Level PositionNo -gt PositionTitle, Level EmploymentType 3NFField Name EmploymentTypeNo PK EmploymentType EmploymentTypeNo -gt EmploymentType IV. Physical Design 1. Team Field Name Data Type pristine primaeval Nullable TeamNo INT Yes No TeamName VARCHAR(50) No No DepartmentNo INT No No EmployeeID INT No No a. Indeces Index_01 on TeamNo for Primary detect Index_02 on TeamName b. Referential impartiality b. 1 Employee. TeamNo on efface trammel on UP get wind go down c. Program system of logic c. 1 2. Department Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable DepartmentNo INT Yes No D epartmentName VARCHAR(50) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on DepartmentNo for Primary KeyIndex_02 on DepartmentName b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Employee. DepartmentNo on DELETE cut down on modify cascade b. 2 Team. DepartmentNO on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 Inserting a New Item 3. Work Location Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable WorkLocationNo INT Yes No WorkLocationName VARCHAR(50) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on WorkLocationNo for Primary Key Index_02 on WorkLocationName b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Employee. WorkLocationNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 4. Position Field Name Data Type Primary Key NullablePositionNo INT Yes No PositionTitle VARCHAR(50) No No Level VARCHAR(50) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on PositionNo for Primary Key Index_02 on PositionTitle Index_03 on Level b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Employee. PositionNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 5. Employment Type Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable EmploymentTypeNo INT Yes No EmploymentType VARCHAR(50) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on Employment TypeNo for Primary Key Index_02 on EmploymentType b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Employee. EmploymentType on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic . 1 6. Employee Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable EmploymentID INT Yes No Fname VARCHAR(50) No No Lname VARCHAR(50) No No Mname VARCHAR(50) No No EmpAddress INT No No WorkLocationNo INT No No PositionID INT No No Status VARCHAR(20) No NO ResignationDate DATE No No TeamNo INT No No DepartmentNo INT No No StartDate DATE No No EndDate DATE No No ContactNo INT No No EmplomentTypeNo INT No No a. Indeces Index_01 on EmploymentID for Primary Key Index_02 on Fname Index_03 on Lname Index_04 on Mname Index_05 on EmpAddress Index_06 on WorkLocationNoIndex_07 on PositionID Index_08 on Status Index_09 on ResignationDate Index_10 on TeamNo Index_11 on DepartmentNo Index_12 on StartDate Index_09 on EndDate Index_ 10 on ContactNo Index_11 on EmploymentTypeNo b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Team. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 2 PurchaseOrderDetail. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 3 CommunicationServices. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 4 RenderedItem. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 5 DisposedItem. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 6 RetiredItem. EmployeeID n DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 7 DonationItem. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 8 LostItem. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 9 RepairRequest. EmployeeID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 7. Purchase Order Details Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable PODNO INT Yes No POCreationDate DATE No No POOrderDate DATE No No EmployeeID INT No No a. Indeces Index_01 on PODNo for Primary Key Index_02 on POCreationDate Index_03 on POOrderDate b. Referential Integrity b. 1 PurchaseItemDeta ils. PODNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade . Program Logic c. 1 8. Supplier Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable SupplierID VARCHAR(20) Yes No CompanyName VARCHAR(50) No No Address VARCHAR(80) No No ContactNo INT No No EmailAddres VARCHAR(30) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on SupplierID for Primary Key Index_02 on CompanyName Index_03 on Address Index_04 on ContactNo Index_05 on EmailAddress b. Referential Integrity b. 1 PurchaseItemDetails. SupplierID on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 9. Item Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable SerialNo VARCHAR(45) Yes No DeviceTypeNo INT No NoReceivedItemNo INT No No Cost DOUBLE No No Status VARCHAR(45) No No ItemType VARCHAR(45) No No PIDNo INT No No a. Indeces Index_01 on SerialNo for Primary Key Index_02 on Cost Index_03 on Status b. Referential Integrity b. 1 CommunicationServices. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 2 RenderedItem. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 3 DisposedIt em. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 4 RetiredItem. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 5 DonationItem. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade b. 6 RepairRequest. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict n UPDATE Cascade b. 7 LostItem. SerialNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 10. DeviceType Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable DeviceTypeNo INT Yes No Type VARCHAR(20) No No Model VARCHAR(20) No No Brand VARCHAR(20) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on DeviceTypeNO for Primary Key Index_02 on Type Index_03 on Model Index_04 on Brand b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Item. DeviceTypeNo on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 11. Purchase Item Detail Field Name Data Type Primary Key Nullable PIDNo INT Yes No Quantity VARCHAR(45) No NoPODNo INT No No SupplierID VARCHAR(20) No No Cost DOUBLE No No Remarks VARCHAR(100) No Yes Description VARCHAR(100) No No POItemNo. INT No No DateReceived DATE No No DeliveryDate DATE No Yes De liveryStatus VARCHAR(45) No No a. Indeces Index_01 on PIDNO for Primary Key Index_02 on Quantity Index_03 on Cost Index_04 on Remarks Index_05 on Description Index_06 on POItemNo Index_07 on DateReceived Index_08 on DeliveryDate Index_09 on DeliveryStatus b. Referential Integrity b. 1 Item. PIDNO on DELETE Restrict on UPDATE Cascade c. Program Logic c. 1 V. Final Class Diagram

Illegal Immigration Essay Essay

About all of us can state we ar kids of immigrants. Either our big(p) grandparents or grandparents came to the States for a better manner. We know that the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are the symbols of that great dream that so many sought so many old ages ago. During a anticipate to Ellis Island last meaningmer I learned that during the early 1900s we encouraged in-migration because it was a clip when our countrys district had grown and we involve more people to assist with the continued development of our state.Today. nevertheless. we find that in-migration is non seen as a positive for our state. but instead it is unimpeachably considered a phone line straightaway in America. Immigration jurisprudence is in the intelligence a batch and in-migration policy is a large subject discussed in coitus it is even a major issue for Obamas disposal. Some people in authorities cogitate that we should close the door and cut down the sum of people coming into our state partic ularly as it relates to the jobs we have had with terrorist activities.But. I believe that the chief job with in-migration is non the legal immigrants who come here quest the regulations. but instead its the ineligible immigrants who sneak into our state over boundary lines and so put a load on our societal run and do harm to our state. So. what is the solution? Presently there are about 12 million illegal immigrants in America and that makes it merely excessively dear(predicate) and a large undertaking to merely behave all of them at one clip. so we need a better program something must be done. Illegal in-migration inflicts a great menace to America.Aside from the belief that illegal immigrants are stealing occupations from our ain citizens and the legal immigrants. but some illegal immigrants are doing offenses. In a 2006 survey from January 1999 to April 2006 about 260. 000 illegal immigrants committed about 1 million sex discourtesies in America. Besides illegal immigrants today make up 30 % prison population in America. A subject that has been on the intelligence frequently in other provinces where there is a batch of illegal immigrant offense is overcrowding of prisons. Many illegal immigrants are coming over and do offenses and jeopardizing the American citizens.But non all illegal immigrants are grown some illegal immigrants are here because they are seeking to do a better unrecorded for themselves. Illegal in-migration besides has a great cost every bit good. Illegal immigrant families imposed. in entire. costs transcending $ 26 billion for the federal authorities. while these immigrants paid merely 16 billion dollars in federal revenue enhancements. hence making a financial shortage of $ 10. 4 billion per twelvemonth at the federal degree. The largest subscribers to this shortage were Medicaid with $ 2. 5 billion. aesculapian intervention for the uninsured with $ 2. 2 billion. food-assistance plans with $ 1. billion. the federal prison and t ribunal systems with $ 1. 6 billion. and federal assistance to schools with $ 1. 4 billion.While I believe there are excessively many illegal immigrants to hold them all deported. I do believe that those illegal immigrants who are taking up condemnable activities are the 1s that should be deported instead than set in our already overcrowded gaols. I think the other illegal immigrants who really want to go a citizen and do a life for themselves should be able to come frontward. and if they pass condemnable background cheques and pay fees and punishments. they can so be eligible for a probationary legal position.agrarian role players and those who entered as kids should besides be eligible for the same plan. This would supply a procedure and a manner to command the sum of people coming to the state. These persons would handle until bing legal in-migrations become citizens. so they can acquire in line to go a legal immigrant. I think another thing that could be done is have a startu p visa for immigrants who want to come here and get down a concern. If their concern does turn further and is successfu. they should so hold the option to remain for good.This would make more occupations and beef up the community. I think we should besides hold plans set up that would assist unsanded immigrants coming over discovery occupations or a list of people to name for work. I besides think we should hold plans to verify the eligibility of a worker to assist employers find people who are available to work. In the presidents program he had a plan called E-verify. I agree with his program to spread out the usage of this plan. One of the last things I think we should hold in our in-migration policy is something that encourages instruction.For illustration. immigrant kids who attend college could besides gain cite toward citizenship. I besides believe that all immigrants registering for lasting position should besides be required to see English within 5 old ages of their reach ing. Its crazy that our state spends all that money and clip with English as 2nd language categories in schools and in communities. If I decided to travel unrecorded in Italy. that authorities would non get down to interpret all their marks and advertisement so that I could understand it. Nor would they pay for me to go to particular categories to larn their linguistic communication.If I decided to populate and work in Italy. it would be my duty to larn the Italian linguistic communication before I go at that place or try to go a citizen at that place. Unfortunately. in-migration continues to be a job chiefly because our state cant handle the immense inflow of people desiring to come here. Although our state was founded by immigrants . we no longer are capable of covering with all the other issues kindred instruction. occupations. health care and lodging. that come with leting more people to come to our state. I understand there is no easy reply. but I do believe we need to do cert ain we are protecting our state and our citizens foremost.

Doppelganger

Doppelganger In doppelganger the main protagonist Andrew has a crisis of identity. Who is he? Is he the good boy, he describes himself in chapter 6 as a G gated kid in an X rated world. Andrew is in fact an assessory (assistant) to the crime under the law he would be considered guilty or culpable. This intend that he has responsibly for crimes that he knows about and lets happen. When Josh bullies the year seen boy unnecessarily and Andrew allows it to happen when he could intervene Andrew is also guilty. Andrew did not intervene when tantalize destroyed the religion teachers personal photo.Andrew did not intervene when josh bashed and robbed the pizza delivery boy. Andrew allowed josh to drug him with beer and whiskey, which enables josh to seduce Melanie. passim the book Andrew continues to allow both Joshs to control him and to manipulate and to deceive many people. In the alternate world bad Josh has more than power because in that universe/parallel world there are fewer cont rols on peoples beastliness. Andrew watches as Josh randomly attacks a teenager at Kings Cross, smashing his face in with knuckle-dusters, bad Josh called that an announcement of the HallBoys.My Josh said the same thing when he bashed the year 7 boy at school. He has said that it was also an announcement to watch out. Both joshes use violence and intimidation and emotional manipulation to control people. Josh uses Andrew, he calls him crony, and he invites him to things like the party and holidays. Josh puts on a mask on concern and interest for Andrews life but actually uses him for his witness game. In this way Josh is similar to Carl Denham. Bad Josh is significantly more violent. It is through understanding the violence of bad Josh that Andrew begins to take responsibility for his own actions.Andrew starts to plan how he can stop bad Josh from belt downing many more people when he attacks the inner station. This results in Andrews attempt to kill My Josh through drugging his beer/stout. Symbols/ Motifs of Decay Used condoms Random sex Decaying building and streets/broken windows Rubbish Overcoats, great coats, army gear Cleanliness, dirt provender Violence as a means of control Reading as an escape and knowledge Knowledge as power Religion as a means of control Self control The beast within There is two types of masks, the ones we are conscious of and the ones that we are unaware of.

Autocratic & Democratic Leader Essay

Barack Hussein Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 4, 1961. His beat was from Kenya and his mother was from Kansas. He was raised with help from his grandfather and grandmother. His achievements were whole based on hard work, determination and perseverance. In college, he was supported by his scholarship and student loans. He then went to law school and obtained the deliver of the president of the Harvard Law Review and being the first ever African-American to obtain it. On November 4, 2008, he was elected as President of the unify States of America.He is the first ever black American to get such a high pose in history. Barack Obama is currently the 44th president in the United States. In Oprah. com, it is illustrated that Barack Obama is conscientious (Dzubow, 2009). It is one of the big five personality aspects that he possesses. Barack Obama quoted in his website that he keeps a to-do-list in his desk and that as long as he can count on the society to be a part, they would find a way to continue to make progress on all the weightlifts (Fuller, 2013). This is to travel the people and giving them the will to take part in his campaigns.This shows his determination to achieve what he has started. The second big five personality aspect is neuroticism. He is known to shake off low neuroticism because he his secure in everything that he says or does. His famous quotes like Yes We Can and Change We Need (Goodreads, 2013) during his speeches shows that he is very confident in what he is doing. Barack Obama is a democratic leader in the United States of America. Recently, he organized a fund raising campaign for Democratic House candidates (Byrne & Geiger, 2013). The procedure of the fundraising campaign is based on the amount that the society contributes.At $1,000, a reception ticket will be given. $5,000 would be given two reception tickets and a photo. A dinner party ticket with the democrats and a photo would be given if $10,000 is contributed. $32 ,400 would be given two dinner tickets, a photo and given the honour to seat anywhere during the dinner. Finally, at 50,000, a table would be complemented, a photo, and preferred seating as well. With this, it would see many of the residents of Chicago to join and help out in this fundraising campaign. A significant of Barack Hussein Obama was when he received the award of the noble two-eyed violet prize. found on his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples (Oslo, 2009), he was awarded with the prize in the year 2009. Obamas vision was to work for a solid ground with no more nuclear weapons. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed Mahathir Mohamed was born on December 20, 1925, in Alor Setar, Kedah. He was brought up in a modest but stable family. His father was a teacher at and English language school. He attended medical school at the University of Malaya in Singapore after he graduated from college. He became active in UMNO and got a seat in the House of Representatives in 1964.He reached the pose of becoming a prime minister in 1981. He sustained his position for 22 years, which is by far the longest pose that has been remained in the history of Malaysia (The Biography Channel website, 2013). One of the personalities that Mahathir possesses is his openness to experience. In 1996, when Malaysia had an eight percent economic expansion, Mahathir was determined to lift Malaysia with a vision. That vision was called Vision 2020. His idea of this innovative vision was to motivate others to work together in order to achieve a better future (The Biography Channel website, 2013).Another one of his personalities is his conscientiousness. Having the reinvigorated goal which is vision 2020, he made a speech about it and illustrated that by 2020 he is confident that he would succeed. He stated that the goal of vision 2020 cannot be achieved if there is no unity in Malaysia. It would also be affected if there is no confidence in the society. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed is an autocratic leader. As he stated, democracy is a recipe for disaster which shows that he is an anti democrat, he complained that people are too irresponsible to govern themselves.He also quoted a few examples about democratic countries that were unsuccessful due(p) to strikes and demonstrations (Ignatius, 2012). His significant factor that he contributed was to implement the idea of Vision 2020 which motivated many Malaysians to turn a new leaf. Creating a good mindset for them and allow them know that they are capable of uniting and working together. Also, bringing up a positive slogan for the country called Malaysia Boleh (mthago, 2010). Reflection From these two leaders, they both have similarities in their leadership skills. Both are confident in what they are doing and dominant in their own ways.They have good thoughts of bringing up new ideas and setting up goals and campaigns. The only difference in them is that one is a democrat ic and the other is an autocratic. In my opinion, President Barack Obama is a better leader because he reaches out to the public and has a friendly characteristic compared to Dr. Mahathir. He has made good decisions and helped his country recover from economical downfalls. Also, he has won the noble peace prize. From this, I would conclude that President Barrack Hussein Obama is a better leader and have more followers as well.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 43

Elena?Stefan said quietly. Could you ask me to watch in?You adopt to pay for me in if you want to to talk Invite him in? He was already in inside her heart. She had told the Guardians that everyone would agree to accept Stefan as her boyfriend of almost a year.It didnt matter. In a low voice she said, sleep together in, Stefan.The windows locked from your side, Elena.Numbly, Elena unlocked the window. The next second she was encompassed by warm, strong arms in a desperate, fervent embrace. provided the moment afterwards that, the arms dropped, leaving her frozen and lonely.Stefan? Whats wrong?Her eyes had adapted and by the starlight through with(predicate) the window she could see him hesitating before her.I cant It isnt Its not me you want,he said in a great deal that sounded as if it came through a constricted throat. barely I wanted you to know that that Meredith and monotonous are holding Bonnie. Comforting her, I mean. Theyre al okay and so is Mrs. Flowers. An d I thought that you They arrogate me to sleep They said they wouldnt put me to sleepYou fel incognizant, lo Elena. While we were waiting for them to send us home. We al watched everywhere you Bonnie, Sage, and I.He was Stillspeaking in that formal, unusual tone. plainly I thought Well, that you might want to talk tonight, excessively. beforehand I I left.He put a finger up to stop his lip from shaking.You swore you wouldnt distribute meElena cried. You promised, not for any reason, not for any length of time, no matter how noble the cause only Elena that was before I understoodYou Stilldont understand Do you know His hand flew to cover her mouth and he put his lips to her ear. Lo Elena. Were in your house. Your aunt Elena felt her eyes widen, although of course subconsciously she had known this al along. The channel of familiarity. This bed it was her bed, and the spread was her be sleep togetherd gold and white bedspread. The obstacles shed known how to avoid in the dark the tapping at her windowshe was home.Like a climber who has negotiated an impossible-seeming section of rock, and almost fal en, Elena felt a tremendous rush of adrenaline. And it was this or, perhaps, simply the power of the love that flooded through her that achieved what she had been so clumsily trying to reach. She felt her mind expand and come out of her body. And meet Stefans.She was appal ed by the hastily swept-away desolation in his spirit, and humbled by the surge of love that flooded every part of him at the touch of her mind.Oh, Stefan. scantily express that that you can forgive me, thats all. If you forgive me I can live. Maybe you can even be happy with me again if you just give it a little time.Im already happy with you. But we lay down all the time in the world, Stefan reassured her. But she caught the shadow of a dark thought whisked pronto out of the way. He had al the time in the world. She, howeverElena had to choke back a jest but then(pre nominal) clutched at Stefan suddenly. My backpack did they take it? Where is it?Right beside your nightstand. I can reach it. Do you want it?He reached in the darkness and pul ed up something heavy and rough and none too pleasant-smel ing. Elena thrust one frantic hand inside it while Stillholding on to Stefan with the other.Yes Oh, Stefan, its hereHe was line of descent to suspect but he unaccompanied knew when she drew out the bottle labeled Evian Water and held it to her cheek. It was frigid cold, although the night was mild and humid.And as it effervesced violently, it glowed in a way that no ordinary water did.I didnt mean to do it, she told Stefan, suddenly worried that he might not like to associate with a thief. At least not at first. Sage said to get the water from the Fountain of unremitting Youth and Life into bottles. I dug up a big bottle and this little one, and in some manner I stashed the smaller one in my backpack Idve put the big one in, too, but it didnt fit. And I didnt even think close to the little one again until after they took away my Wings and my telepathy.And a good thing, Stefan thought. If they had caught you oh, my lovely love His arms squeezed the breath from Elenas lungs. So thats why you were suddenly so anxious to leaveThey took almost everything else supernatural about me,Elena whispered, placing her lips close to Stefans ear.I have to live with that, and if theyd given me a chance Id have agreed for the sake of Fel s Church if Id been logical She broke off as she suddenly realized that she had been literal y out of her mind. Shed been worse than a thief. Shed tried to use a lethal attack on a group of mostly innocent people. And the worst thing was that a part of her knew that Damon would have understood her madness, while she wasnt sure Stefan ever could.But you dont have to change me into you know,she began mouth frenetical y again. A sip or two of this and I can be with you constantly. unendingly and for forever Stefan She stop, trying to get her breath and her mental balance.His hand closed over hers on the cap. Elena.Im not crying. Its because Im happy. Forever and ever, Stefan. We can be together, justjust us twoforever.Elena, love.His hand kept hers from twisting rude the bottle.It isnt what you want?With his other arm, Stefan pul ed her tightly to him. Her head fel forward onto his shoulder and he rested his bring up on her hair. Its what I want more than anything. Imdazed, I guess. I have been ever since He stopped and tried again.If we have al the time in the world, we have tomorrow,he said in a voice muffled by hair. And tomorrow is time enough for you to start to think it through. Theres enough in that bottle for maybe four or five people. Youre the one whos going to have to decide who drinks it, love. But not tonight. Tonight is forWith a sudden rush of joy Elena understood. Youre talking about Damon.Amazing how operose it was to simply say his name. It almos t seemed a violation, and yetWhen he could talk like this for a moment to me, he told me what he wanted, she sent. Stefan stirred a little in the darkness, but said nothing. Stefan, he only asked for one thing before hewent. It was not to be forgotten. Thats all.And were the ones who remember the most. Us and Bonnie.Aloud she added, I wil never forget him. And I wil never let anyone else who knew him forget him for as long as I live.She knew shed spoken too loudly, but Stefan didnt try to quiet her. He gave one quick shudder and then held her tightly again, his face buried in her hair.I remember, he sent to her, when Katherine asked him to join her when we three were in Honoria Fells crypt. I remember what he said to her. Do you?Elena felt their souls intertwine as they both truism the scene through the others eyes. Of course, I remember too.Stefan sighed, half-laughing. I remember trying to take care of him subsequent in Florence. He wouldnt behave, wouldnt even Influence the girls he fed on. Another sigh. I think he wanted to get caught at that point. He couldnt even look me in the face and talk about you.I made Bonnie send for you. I made sure she got both of you out here, Elena told him. Her part had begun to flow again, but slowly gently. Her eyes were shut and she felt a faint smile come to her lips.Do you know Stefans mental voice was startled, astonished I remember something else From when I was very young, maybe three or four years old. My father had a terrible temper, especially right after my mother died. And back then, when I was little, and my father was furious and drunk, Damon would deliberately get in between us. Hed say something obnoxious and well, my father would end up beating him instead of me. I dont know how I could have forgotten about that.I do, Elena thought, remembering how frightened she had been of Damon when hed first turned human even though hed put himself in between her and the vampires who wanted to Discipline her in the Dark Dimension. He had a invest for knowing exactly what to say how to look what to do to get under anyones skin.She could feel Stefan chuckle faintly, wryly. A gift, was it?Well, I certainly couldnt do it, and I can manage most people, Elena replied well-heeledly. Not him, though. Never him.Stefan added, But he was almost always kinder to weak people than to strong ones. He always did have that soft spot for Bonnie He broke off, as if frightened hed ventured too near something sacred.But Elena had her bearings now. She was glad, so glad, that in the end Damon had died to save Bonnie. Elena herself needed no more proof of his feelings about her. She would always love Damon, and she would never al ow anything to diminish that love.And, somehow, it seemed fitting that she and Stefan should sit in her old bedroom and speak of what they remembered of Damon in hushed tones. She planned on taking the same thing up with the others tomorrow.When she final y fel asleep in Stefan s arms, it was hours after midnight.

Models of Corporate Governance

The radix of the exercise of bodied brass section can be identified in their approach to the trey dimensions of finale making which atomic number 18 considered as the essence of bodied governance. The decision making is centered round the one-third base passs (a) by whom the decisions atomic number 18 to be made, (b) for whom the decisions are attempted to be made and (c) what are the resources that hold up up the decision making approaches. The ultimate aim of analyzing the decision making process through these questions is to hold the agency to whom the accountability is due to be directed1This part of the study deals aims to contrast the Muslim corporeal governance with the Western approach which is exhibited by at least deuce imitates which this paper considers. plaque Framework in Western statusThe European system of corporate governance encompasses a socially responsive stomach where the shareholders and others are encouraged to exert influence over policies t hat are being adopted to the extremity that they are not in union with a socially responsive attitude. Similarly the board members and managers are not discouraged either to follow their view points so that the decisions make the firm a socially responsive one2. However such a direct influence over the functioning of the firm is not provided for in all the market systems. For instance in Germ each and other countries like Austria and Switzerland the governance is administered by a two tier board consisting of a supervisory board and an executive board.The executive board represents the outgo anxiety and the members of the supervisory board is composed of outside professionals and in some cuttings employee representatives just to oversee and rectification the executive board. Even in the nerve of managed passel model widely prevalent in the unite States directors and managers found it worth to take the advise of the institutional shareholders in the conduct of the business o f the firm. When this relationship is notwithstanding expanded it leads to the formation of a stakeholder model of corporate governance which protects the interest of all stakeholders.3Managed Corporation sitThe model of managed spate answers the question of by whom. This model is underlined by large public companies with a disperse shareholding4. Under this model managers occupy the central role with the authority to strategy formulation and setting the policies of the company. date the Board takes the responsible of hiring the managers the managers lead the directors and shareholders.The Board is to a fault given the responsibility to monitor the instruction execution of the mangers prescribed and remove them in case of unsatisfactory performance. The shareholders role is limited to replace the Board in case of poor performance of the company. Thus the scope of corporate governance under this model is limited to the extent of appointing the right managers and controlling the ir performance.Socially Responsive Corporation ModelThis model takes the position to answer the question for whom. This model presupposes the interest of the shareholders as the foremost principle of corporate governance as laid smooth by the OECD Principles of integrated Governance 5 Thus the concept of shareholder value has been made the yardstick against which the performance of the management need to be measured.This is the practice in the United States, the UK and several other Anglo-Saxon countries and has also been recognised as a matter of prominence in Europe and Japan too. Under this model the institutions view the firms eligible for potential investment in their securities to shake off a clear market directive to enhance the returns on the existing capital. 6Accounting and bodied GovernanceThe process of identifying, measuring and communicating instruction for facilitating the user to make meaningful decision is provided by accounting. According to Baydoun and Wille t (2000) 7 accounting disclosures in managed corporation model is often limited to the extent the individuals that control the resources needs the disclosure. However the fact remains that the corporate governance issues can be addressed and explained by detailed financial statements since these issues are normally backbreaking on the agencies having a wider financial stake in the entity. This explains the terms with what resources and to whom the accountability is directed.Muslim Perspective of Corporate GovernanceThe important principles of good corporate governance and the codes of best practice developed during the last decade, intimate that directing the companies and controlling them to function according to defined moral standards which are acceptable to the community in general8. The principles do not just recognize achieving the economic efficiency or earning maximum profitability as the best practice.According to Mervyn K Lewis (2005)9 on that point are two aspects whic h particularly shape the nature of Muslim corporate governance. The first one is concerned with the shariah which claims sovereignty over all the aspects of life of any human being. It is so extensive it covers honorable and social issues and also it talks about civil and wicked jurisdiction.Shariah lays down the principle that every believer of Islam must conform to the canonic principles of Muslim Law. all(prenominal) one of them is expected to observe the ethical standards derived from economic principles irrespective of the status or social position. These ethical principles define what is true fair and just, the nature of corporate responsibilities, the priorities to society, along with some specific governance standards (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005).Secondly, Shariah has also provided some specific Islamic economic and financial principles along with the business ethical standards, which have a larger influence upon the corporate practices and principles. Included here are the i nstitution of zakh (the alms tax), the outlaw on rib (usury) and the prohibition on speculation, calling for the development of an economic system based on profit and loss sharing (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005).Dimensions of Decision Making and Islamic Perspective of Corporate GovernanceThe three dimensions of decision making with respect to corporate governance under Islamic perspective is answered in the pursual moodBy WhomAccording to Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) the question of by whom the decisions are to be made the Holy script is providing a correct response by promoting mutual audiences and once decision is taken then there has to be a firm belief that it will do good to everyone concerned. He further adds that when the basic principles of Shurd are followed it requires the leaders to encourage others to take part in the process of decision making.Thus consultation is made the key word by Shariah and this implies thatAn employee would be expected to contribute his or her experience to the formulation and implementation of the organizational vision, and consultative procedures should be applied to all those affected, i.e. shareholders, suppliers, customers, workers and the community 10For WhomUnder Islamic perspective of decision making process there is the clear answer to the question as to for whom the decisions are attempted to be made. The answer is that the ultimate end of any business and economic activity that regard the human beings are to be considered as being done to the grace of Allah and the ways and means busy to accomplish the activities should never deviate from the law of Islam as quoted by Shariah in any way (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005).With Whom and to WhomMervyn K. Lewis (2005) points out that the third requirement for ensuring corporate governance principles in an Islamic perspective involves the process by which an effective religious supervision is undertaken.The objective of this supervision is to batten that the operations, contracts, and procedures of the enterprise are in conformity with the Islamic code. Algaoud and Lewis (1999)11 observe that the process covering the religious supervision is explicitly illustrated in the case of Islamic Financial Institutions.In addition the religious auditors provide a comprehensive report on the bond certificate of the Islamic principles across the full spectrum of the business activities. The religious audit helps to improve the functioning of any corporation towards achieving the Islamic principles by undertaking the following distinct functions(1) the religious auditor advises the Board and the top management about the acceptability of the transactions and the contracts proposed to be entered by the firm and also on the development of raw(a) products(2) the second function of the religious auditor is to make a comprehensive report to the shareholders as to the entry by the management the Islamic principles in the running of the organization and(3) the audit of the creati on of Zakah fund to ensure that the fund is created after a proper assessment of the amount to be contributed and the administration and distribution of the bills are carried out as per the Islamic principles (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005)Points of DistinctionHanifa and Hudaib (2003) 12 identify the following difficulties that the Islamic perspective of corporate governance face while adopting the best corporate governance practices.(1) Under the Western approach to the corporate governance the business morality is primarily based on secular humanist values brass the ethical foundations of the business while the Islamic perspective of corporate governance follows the principles laid down by shariah as the guiding force(2) The basic beliefs and values in the Western corporate ending predominantly considers the self interest and even with some modifications there may not be the case that the larger interest of the society will be considered. This is totally against the Islamic principles( 3) Thirdly the Western model of corporate governance is based on agency theory and there is no place for stewardship theory.13The basic difference lies in the actors who are agents with a self interested opportunistic approach who can not be motivated to be stewards to act in the best interest of the principals. In the case of Islamic perspective of corporate governance there is no place for self interest of the agents,1 Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) Islamic Corporate Governance International standstill for Islamic sparingReview of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 29 2 Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) Islamic Corporate Governance International Association for Islamic EconomicReview of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 29 3 Lannoo, K. (1995). Corporate Governance in Europe. CEPS Working Party Report No 12. Brussels Centre for European Policy Studies. 4Pound, J. (1995). The guarantee of the Governed Corporation, Harvard Business Review, March-April, reprinted in Corporate Governance (2000), Ha rvard Harvard Business School Press. 5 OECD (1999). OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Paris OECD. 6 Lewis, M.K. (2003b). globalization and Corporate Governance in M. Shanahan and G. Treuren (eds.), Globalisation Australian Regional Perspectives. AdelaideWakefield Press. 7 Baydoun, N. and Willett, R. (2000). Islamic Corporate Reports, ABACUS, 36(1), pp. 71-89. 8 Gooden, S. (2001). Participation of Stakeholders in the Corporate Governance of Islamic Financial Institutions, New Horizon, 114, November, pp.12-15. 9Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) Islamic Corporate Governance International Association for Islamic EconomicReview of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 29 10 Baydoun, N. Mamman, A. and Mohmaud, A. (1999). The Religious Context of Management Practices The Case of the Islamic Religion, Accounting, Commerce &Finance The Islamic Perspective Journal, 3(1 & 2), pp. 52-79. 11 Algaoud, L. M. and Lewis, M. K. (1999). Corporate Governance in Islamic Banking The Case of Bahrain, Internatio nal Journal of Business Studies, 7(1),pp.56-86. 12 Haniffa, R. and Hudaib, M. A. (2002). A divinatory Framework for the Development of the Islamic Perspective of Accounting, Accounting, Commerce & Finance The Islamic Perspective Journal, 6 (1&2), pp. 1-74. 13 Davis, J. H. Schoorman, F. D. and Donaldson, L. (1997). Towards a Stewardship Theory of Management, Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp. 20-47.

Healthy Eating Habits

As a lifelong fitness enthusiast, I know the great immenseness of proper nutrition. Still being able to maintain a 30 inch waistline in my middle come along, I think that I should have enough proven credibility to give you a few tips on how to build healthy have habits and rile them stick. Physical activity is only 50% of the overall health equation. The other 50% is nutrition. And without healthy eating habits, matchless will not be able to achieve good health and fitness. So it does depend on what you eat, and in this modern age of convenience and rushed daytime schedules, its easy to eat unhealthy.So here ar some areas to overturn that will suffice reenforcement you on the right health track. Educate Yourself On Food And hefty Eating Habits In order to eat healthy, you have to understand which foods are actually healthy and which ones are not. Learn from reading nutrition books and websites. Maybe even consult a dietician to get you started. sort of often, convenient foods are laced with too much salt, sugar and other ingredients, which are not considered healthy. These ingredients mint often be hidden, so it is important as part of your education to learn to read food labels while at the grocer.Learn what ingredients to avoid, as major components are usually listed first in the food labels. in any case verify and compare rich contents since many food items which are promoted as low fat or low calorie might very well still be quite soaring in fat. Being educated on what is contained within various types of food will help you throne out much of the unhealthy food you otherwise might end up eating. Learn To reservation Foods And Ingredients In the old days, healthy eating meant a diet of bland-tasting food.I still remember that veggie b compressr that tasted homogeneous cardboard. Those days are thankfully gone as food technology has improved signifi targettly. Many of the debase fat versions of food items (like cheese and frozen yogurt) taste just as good as their exemplar full-fat versions. One can also still cook great tasting food at interior(a) by simply substituting some of the ingredients. For example, use olive oil instead of butter for frying. castrate salt by adding spices instead. Choose leaner cuts of meat and trim off visible fat forwards cooking.Something that Ive done over the years is to drastically cut down on red meats at home and increase my intake of fish and poultry. By learning some great recipes with fish and poultry, I really dont miss red meat all that much. One of the big areas to flip-flop is in snacking. Instead of candy bars or potato chips (or other junk food), try cockamamie or fruit. During the hot summers, I keep a supply of frozen grapes and if I feel the urge to nibble on something, I just grab one or two frozen grapes. non only are these healthy, they are also refreshing during hot temperatures.Keep Related Goals In Mind In order to help you stick to healthy eating habits once you plan them, I find that it helps to keep consortd goals in mind. For example, each time I look in the mirror I do a point of looking at the condition of my abs. I motivation to maintain a half(a) decent physical shape so what I see in the mirror is a unvarying reminder that I have to keep eating well. When I see other people rough my age group or even younger than me who are out of shape, I always notice that they are not eating healthy.They usually eat foods that are high in fat. Keeping law-abiding with this helps me even more to keep away from seriously eating habits since I dont want to end up like those poor folks who have let themselves go in that department. another(prenominal) goal that is more specific is that I want to be able to perform well on the ski slope during the winter and maintain my martial arts all year round. I can generally tie in my overall performance levels in these sports back to my diet as one of the elements required.See if there are any related activities that you want to do well that you can somehow relate back to nutrition. Then keeping this top of mind will help you steer clear of bad foods. After all, you dont want to blame poor performance in your favorite activities partially on bad diet. Be Around Others Who Eat Healthy This last point is related to having others help you in your goals. Sometimes its hard to eat right when all of your friends, family members and co-workers eat unhealthy. So make sure that you spend time with other people who already eat well.This will help jolly along you to eat healthy as well. Youre basically using teamwork to help you achieve the goal of eating healthy. Theres really no magic in how to build healthy eating habits and make them stick. Good health is long term and the only way to achieve it is through all the inadequate successes that add up when you have another healthy meal and finish another workout. Follow the higher up tips as I do each and every day during your m eals and snack periods to ensure optimum health.

The Reflective Manager

The Reflective Manager Abstr make up Reflection and the effect of its masking in relation to establishment tuition give up attracted a growing attention. It is recognized that censure is the life-sustaining content for either idiosyncratics or organizations knowledge process. It is believed that aspect is a very important component to hit successful torpedojecting behavior. Moreover, materialisation is the crucial blueprint in the process of exploiting accomplishment organizations. In this distinguish, the concepts of verbal expression and sarcastic reflectiveness will be discussed and the objurgation in practice within organizations will be analysed as well.In addition, the emphasis of the article is the application of reflection and reflection practice on organizations. The objective of the subject is to evaluate the application of reflection theory and to search what is the impact of practicing reflection on organizations. Keywords Reflection, overcritical r eflection, organization acquire, working behavior, reflection practice Introduction More and much people nowadays pay their avocation in the application reflection and critical reflection in an organization.The concepts of reflection and critical reflection argon non specific but there are no common and recognized definition for reflection and critically reflection. Based on the purpose of investigation how reflection and practice reflection affect and elicit organizational activities and exploit, reflection m some(prenominal) general defined as the learning theories involve a revaluation of ones familiarity and an outline of thinking and action time the explanation of critical reflection in accordance with recognizing ones self objective and suppressests and learning about assumptions, background and performance enhanced oriented actions.As early as in 1983, Schon firstly brought the concept of reflection into the professional world and gave the definition of reflect ive practice said the application of knowledge to practice with the consideration of self-experiences. Reflection acts the just about important part in converting ones experience into knowledge according to Kolbs research on experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). Reynolds pointed out in 1998 that form that time on, reflection was deemed to be the prerequisite part in the process individual and organization learning, particularly when with reference to learning as maturation rather than deriving information.The difference between information and knowledge is that knowledge is integrated information with experience, mind and skills. Reflection persistently turns out as a recommended method of assisting individuals and organizations know better about what they do and understand in practice of the knowledge that learned from practice (Loughran, 2002). Reflective practice is a alert element of much of occupations courses while the critical reflection currently becomes a pivotal compo nent of lots of graduate managerial degrees (Swan, Bailey, 2004).Cunliffe stated that managers can exploit more cooperative, reliable moral approaches of management by more critically considering about their conception and action or in another words more critically reflection. It is believed that critical reflection is focused on more interest. The beginning of theory of critical reflection is developed by Jurgen in 1972. In 1999, Brooks stated that critical reflection benefits in enhancing work practices, assessing organizational objectives and policies. He pointed that the basic ability of critical reflection is to critically ask questions.The measurement of whether critical reflection benefit to working practice is a practical approach of evaluating the contribution of critical reflection. A means raised by Argyris and Schon that called double-loop learning offers such evaluation. It can be concluded by quizzical critically, sating an opinion and requesting feedback from ones au dience, trying with stark naked working approaches and action and taking new viewpoints. The coetaneous collaborative has existed as the crucial way of working relations and acted as the major role in establishing society institution.The corporation between companies has reduced the find of state, family residential and moral community in auberge to accomplish a dominant position. The growing influence of Commercial Corporation has restrained the conflicts among different institutional requirement. The practice of commercial corporation suffuse current life by offering individual identity, organizing experience and time, impacting knowledge humans and education and supervising news creation and recreation.Some authors argue that the influence of management on peoples lives and the impact in forming ethic, economic and environmental restrictions is generally too significant for their actions to be directed by a expressage, helpful shape of justifiability (Alvesson and Willmott, 1992). searing refection insists on facing the hided interests and ideologies and on exploring objectives of questions that tot to message management thinking and activities.Critical reflection objects to the mixtures of conceptions that cultivate the logical necessary of authoritarianism in organizations, the undisputed value added to gain of economic and the conservation of unfair in treasure and right. Critical reflection challenges ossification to the concepts like unavoidable cost of improvement, general knowledge or reality argued by Collins in 1991. breeding originations and individuals that deliberately retain ethically pauperized courses for managers as meriting of defiance and acting in contravention of ones self-interests should be criticized and noticed (Reed, Anthony, 1992).Reed and Antony insist that managerial teachers and organizations should encourage mangers to foster the awareness of difficulties that they butt againsted so as to help them be conscious of se lf-significance and self-responsibility. Mangers have to be stimulated to consider the uncontrollable sophistication that confronts them without colorable help of skills and objectives. The objective of reflection concerns with the investigation of impact of political and civilizational processes on development and learning being integrated into any kind of managerial education, particularly when authority and franchise are not distributed fairly.Since whatever people are constantly confront with contempt because of their gender, age and religion while policies of developing and practice are depended on some mechanical measurement, critical reflection should be applied in order to provide wise mental synthesis for tough these processes. Critical reflection offers the flexibility ground on a more living analysis method. It is apprehensive if managerial education does not involve critical reflection. Reflective practices In order to investigate the impact of reflection on the aff iliateion between organization and learning various issuances of reflective practice will be presented.The connection between practice and reflection has been discovered. There were lots of existing trials to connect various kinds of reflection to organization learning. Mezirow described a detailed scheme that classifies seven take aims of reflection. For instance, the first level is reflection form daily experience of ones awareness of seeing, thinking and action while the last level is critical reflection form consciousness. Jarvis stated that the concept of Mozirow is restricted to the symbolizeation of individual, numinous conversion but not social transform although it is useful.Other authors stressed that the aim of reflection practice ought to have social activities although it is an in mind process (Kemmis 1985). Kemmis described reflection with three levels, the technical reflection, the practical reflection and finally the critical reflection. For the first level, the technical reflection is enigma solving oriented with the process of selecting operational approaches to accomplish certain result. For the second level, the practical reflection relates choose the correct and appropriate result. While for the troika level, the critical reflection concerns the content of historical thought.It is said that the critical reflection offers the fundamental of a arbitrator society. Similarly, Hindmarsh illustrated three levels of reflection to survey the graduates in transferring from students to occupation employment. Furthermore, to understand the previous reflection practice levels, take the technical reflection, the principle of this level is unquestioned. For instance, students may be required to finishing a specific perusing ardors questionnaire or the favorite list of the teaching group so as to develop lessons based on in-person learning style.While for the practical reflection level, there is still no questioning at this level. For instanc e, a specific form of learning style may be selected for reason that its fundamental learning principle is sustaining of an organization atmosphere that the course is meant to improve. Finally, at the level of critical reflection, underlying conceptions that become the basis of learning style are suspected form an academic or ethical viewpoint. For instance, this kind of learning style may be selected from a way of comprehending distinction in learning methods and an option made based on more related to supportive research.Alternatively, both of these should be rejected for the consideration of its invalidation to interpret the impact on leaning method of age, gender or class and its original dependence on classing, enhances a possibly discriminatory method of being employing with in-person difference. Take group work as an ideal of reflection practice, it was usually applied in managerial development to enhance combination and impropriety by concentrating basically on personal a nd interpersonal action, inspiring self-shown and an analysis of individual experience without any gregarious or civilizational interpretation.However, a more critical way can be used by offering a contextualized concentration and designing expositive structures which capacitate a gregarious and moral analysis. alone of these examples have elucidated the three levels of reflection. Moreover, Russ and Vince described another three levels of reflection practice. The first level is the individual in an organization, the objective of reflection at this level is to discover and conclude the role than a person act and the organization that manage the presentation of the role.The concentrate on role provides chances for managers to understand the methods their jurisdiction is built and limited in an organization. A role offers the structure that person and organization satisfy. Although the transformation of self-experience declares the peculiarity of the individual, planting personal exp erience in the role stresses the relationship to the organization. It is not possible that reflection on ones personal experience will create progress and learning itself.However, it is possible to remind conceptions or top executive connections into problem at the time when reflection is pursued based on relating person, ones role and organization in ones mind (Shapiro, Carr, 1991). The second level is team or sub system, the objective of reflection is to discover and absorb connections between the edges of other and self, and between the edges of branches. The concentrate is on the clannish part of belonging, describing, striving for democracy, and the straits concerned with traveling across the edges of various organizations.This provides chances for managers to set forth experience from the creation of governmental activity with mutual commitment or separation, via corporation and competition, and through organization meshwork or nations. This level of reflection is on sub s ystems which are usually operated within the branch. Within the consummate organization, reflections of inter groups of sub systems are more collective which usually break the communication among different components. The third level of reflection is the entire organization, the objective of this reflection is to discover and absorb connections across inside and outside construction.It is in relation to the organizational action produced via personal and mutual authority and flectional experiences. The concentrate is on the process of systematism that the pass to create an organization. The reflection at this level is to provide chances for managers to investigate aware and unaware flectional and governmental procedure that draw the organization characteristics. Reflection practice research on a political party A company with an expectation of high economic growth and development in generally not likely to encounter commerce harm which produce seldom pressure on mangers.The orga nization seems not to be confronted with bereavement and risk and therefore managers are in an environment without risk awareness. Nowadays organizations unawares help to unspoken or unconfident managers that are afraid of failure and risk hence segregate themselves in a self-empire. In order to deal with such organizational issues, the company has raised an idea of organization learning and learning organization. For example, the staff of the company can profit from training and learning during working.This kind of learning is covered to the entire company and that has affected on its working teams. It leads to the company an improvement in workers attitude and practice as well which indicates the organization is learning. While on account of personal learning all over the company, the influence on the company itself is therefore organization learning. For the company the organizing learning process is hard rather than personal learning. The process is designed started with the c reation of the initiative of rebuilt the company and hence inspires lots of staffs enthusiasm.However, new entry employees met the barriers from the power relations like some senior managers which brought some disappointment that resulted in the failure implement of the initiative. Then the company raised a democratic reflection process objected to alter the situation, which aloof the rooted authority relationships that define the organization. The difficulties the company encountered in learning and change results from managers personal cognition of reflection, and the house-to-house organizational dynamic via which these cognitions are produced and enhanced.The personal viewpoints of managers about reflection relates in reality contains keeping away(predicate) from what is occurring, reconsidering about what was finished and investigating individual thought. The point of reflection is on assessing something from past but not within the present. To conclude, the reflection prac tice within the company is supposed to be an individual responsibility. It can be described as the work of managers, whether the manager is free so as to consider about the problem or issue and which way the manager sued to deal with the problem.Although these individual reflections from managers can create growth and change for the company, it is the organization success form individual. One failure aspect for the company is that it is lack of the ability to produce a process of organization reflection which will raise the progress from individual to organizational. The limitation of the learning ability for the company should be broken by developing the ability of reflection to an organization level. ConclusionsThis report has an overview of how the application reflection and reflections practice are encouraged and benefit to the organizations for learning, change and critical. In general, the main shutting is that reflection and reflection practice are the essential components o f individual learning and organizational learning and are aspects of competitively advantages. In this report, the concept of reflection has been discussed on the basis of some literature review, and the distinction between reflection and critical reflection has been compared as well.In the section of reflection practice, the report has presented some different description about the levels of reflection practice. In spite of these arguments, reflection practice may be classified from individual oriented to organizational reflection. Reflection is action in mind with the objective of investigating ones action in a certain situation. It is said that within organization, good staffs are those who are critical reflective. However, with the examination on individual reflection and organization reflection, it shows that there is a difference between them.According to the example given in the previous paragraph, the company relied on individual ability of reflection can be shifted to be de pended on the organizational ability of reflection so as to enhance the ability of learning and changing for the organization. In a word, reflection can benefit to either individual learning or organizing learning but organizations should make more effort to shift the reflection levels so as to get competence and advantage in the global commerce environment. References 1. Argyris, C. and Scho? n, D. A. (1996), Organizational Learning II.Theory, Method, and Practice, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York, NY. 2. Alvesson, M,, & Willmott, H, (1996), making sense of management A critical introduction. London Sage, 3. 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