The Analysis of the Song Run Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Analysis of the Song excrete - Essay ExampleThe song is written in a way to highlight a absolute or unique vocalist, as it becomes the primary responsibility of the vocalist to imbue the song with life. Similar styles lay down been witnessed with such vocalists as Nico from the Velvet Underground, or the underground alternative rock artist Cat Power. The melody begins with the songs lyrics start. A snare drum is heard mutanting slow and hushed-like. An electric guitar plays a minimalist melody. Two to three chords are played, currently, there is no bass being used. After a few minutes, the guitar and drum combo ends. The bass guitar and the drums continue as the vocals finally started. The first three lines state, I go external to a place/ Way far out in space/ That is away from the things I know. This line refers to the imaginative process that I go under when I play music or think in lyrical terms. Additionally, the reference to space refers to the aesthetic qualities of the universe as the great unknown of human experience. The lyrics here are relayed in a subdued tone in accordance with the minimalist melody that has already been established by the bass guitar and drums. Overrated/ But cant think of/ What to do about it Here the bass guitar and snare drums continue in a minimalist style along with the vocals. The lyrics are composed in a purposely meandering way. In this way, they do not follow the strict pattern of grammatically correct discourse, but instead, adopt a logical system that is acceptable within the confines of music. The lyrics additionally reflect a general existential malaise that is perennial throughout the track. One imagines the vocalist spending the day alone and lazily reaching over and grabbing a guitar. The music in terms of the vocals and the melody is then improvisational in an aesthetic sense. The bass guitar melody as does not need to be incredibly consistent. Instead, this could even be reinvented for each song.

Inflation and Real Rates of Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inflation and Real Rates of Return - Essay ExampleReal sake evaluate can be positive as well as negative. A positive real interest deem indicates that the purchasing power of the individual is increasing while a negative interest site shows that the purchasing power of the individual is diminish if the individual invests at the nominal rate. From the calculations above, it can be still that at the current level of inflation, if a person invests in 1-year Certificate of Deposits, he will mop up up with less purchasing power. It can be analysed in such a way that a higher inflation rate than the nominal interest rate way of life that the purchasing power is decreasing at a faster rate than the rate of return of the investment. 2. Duration (Bonds) a. Frederick Macaulay developed a method to measure the interest rate risk of a bond and called it Macaulay Duration. He felt that duration is a better measure of the bonds worth than its time to maturity because duration considers bot h the repayment of capital at maturity and the size and timing of coupon payments before maturity (Macaulay Duration). Macaulay Duration is the weight average term to maturity of the cash flows from a bond. The weight of each cash flow is ascertain by dividing the present economic value of the cash flow by the price (Macaulay Duration Definition). Duration measures a bonds price sensitivity to interest rate changes. ... Calculating V- I/Y= 9% V- = $92.406 Calculating V+ I/Y= 11% V+ = $87.781 3. Price-Earnings Ratio a. False. The PE ratio is equal to the grocery store price of the share divided by the earnings per share (EPS). If we are using the dividend discount amaze to estimate the share price, a higher beta would lead to a higher required rate of return. This would decrease the share price and as a bequeath the PE ratio will decrease. b. True. The PE ratio tells us how much an investor is willing to pay for $1 of a beau mondes earnings. If the net income of a company is go od then the investors will be willing to pay more for a dollar earned. The hard roe is equal to the net income divided by the average shareholders candor. A higher net income means a higher ROE. c. False. If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, higher dividends will result in a higher share price. Higher share price will increase the PE ratio. When the plowback rate is higher the dividends will be lower. 4. Book Value a. The market to parole value signifies how many multiplication a companys stock is operating per share compare to the companys book value per share. The organizations book value reflect historic costs, hence this ratio is meaning(a) in indicating the managements success in adding value for its shareholders in case of the market value being higher than the book value. A high price to book value ratio means that shareholders expect the management of the company to create more value with the given level of assets. b. Common shareholder s equity = (20,000 x 20) + 5,000,000 + 70,000 Common shareholders equity = $5,470,000 Book value per share = Common shareholders equity / Number of greenness shares outstanding Book value per share = 5,470,000 /

The Christiana UPS building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Christiana UPS construction - Essay ExampleThe problem with UPS Christiana building is that the amount of work they handle has increased, hence, expansion is the only end to this congestion.Implementing the proposed solution will not supplicate additional invention. UPS Christiana only needs to assign available constructors to use already existing tools, equipments, and materials to complete the expansion. I doubt the feasibility of this plan since implementation depends solely on the availability of land that the author does not assure us of. The executive thickset is not concise and accurate because it does not give an require explanation of how a large building will lead to faster arrival of customer packages. Additionally, development unclear phrases such as our competition is designing new systems and technologies to compete with us makes the executive summary to lose accuracy and ability to engage the reader. The summary discusses all parts of the assignment, but the k nowledge habituated in some parts is irrelevant. Considering several flaws in the executive summary, I would not read the strain plan as an executive because I would expect it to be a piece of boring text. When written material an executive summary, the author should remember that they are writing to people with busy schedules who need accurate information that is specific and relevant to the problem that the business planners intend to

Drama Play- A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Essay

looseness Play- A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen - Essay ExampleAccording to Nora, even though men disapprove to sacrifice their integrity, hundreds of thousands of women have. (Ibsen, 1879) Nora had to leave the penniless Krogstad and marry Torvald in order to support her mother and two brothers. Torvald is condescend towards Nora and the dominant partner in their marriage. Nora hides a loan from him because she is aw be that Torvald could never accept the fact that his married woman had helped save his life. She also has to work secretly to pay off the loan. Noras deception and the attitudes of Torvald and society even off Nora fall a victim to Krogstads blackmail. Nora finally decides to walk out of the marriage leaving her children. Nora fears that she may be corrupting the children and feels that leaving the children with the nanny is in their best interest.The main theme of the play is that when a society fails to function in a right way and when men dominate and oppress wome n, women are reduced to mere objects. The title of the play itself suggests this. Nora is nothing but a doll in her house. other theme is that there can be no pretences in a marriage.Ibsen in order to defecate the play realistic wrote the dialogue in a simple, middle-class, everyday delivery instead of the elegant, haughty language of romantic plays. The dialogue is simple yet powerful and succeeds in revealing the human psyche. And the most in-chief(postnominal) element of the play is that practically every object in the play be it the Christmas tree or Noras clothing are symbols that emphasize Ibsens theme.One symbol that keeps recurring throughout the play is the Christmas tree. The Christmas tree, which is used for decorative purpose during Christmas, symbolizes here the position of Nora in her house. The Christmas tree is present in the background of every shooter and Ibsen succeeds in creating an undeniable association between the tree and Nora. Nora like the tree is onl y decorative, as was the slip with

An Essay of Data warehouses with Big Data Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An of selective education warehouses with biggish Data - Essay ExampleBasically, information wareho utilise is a relatively more healthy and refined database administration system which can handle large amount of data. At the commercial level, data warehouse is further evolving in the form of Big Data which is aimed at storing and retrieving enormous amount of asynchronous and disparate data across distributed computing systems (Kusnetzky 2010). According to Ricardo (2011), traditional form of database administration is based on the fundamental technique of identifying and manipulating the different characteristic entities in a given dataset. These entities can be termed as database elements. Most important database elements are forms, fields, tables, and queries. In an RDBMS framework, these elements of a database are related with each other using simple administrator defined relationships. RDBMS can thus help an administrator to organize data in an intelligent and retrievable way. However, this technology is not always helpful to arrange data into multiple layers so as to facilitate more efficient stacking, less errors, and context aware distribution. Although the basic concepts of RDBMS are calm in extensive use in different high level database applications (Kimball and Ross 2011), large scale information storage services are now progressing toward multidimensional management of data. Evolution of DW schema took place with attentiveness to the needs of the industries and research institutes. It can be stated that evolution of data warehousing was initially aimed to decrease the limitations of preexisting database management systems. According to Baru et al (2013), the database management industry has considerably matured and developed its make dynamics and techniques over the last twenty years. unless in the past few years, data warehousing technologies have become commercially important. With the advent of Big Data, the database management industr y has now developed increase volume, velocity, and variety of data storage, retrieval, and even processing systems (Baru et al 2013, p. 60). Experts like Devlin (2011) have gone to the extent of stating that Big Data is a better and independent form of database administration technology vis-a-vis data warehousing. But the author appears to be more critical toward the traditional data warehousing technologies. From a holistic viewpoint, synchronizing of data warehousing with cloud computing facilities is precondition to Big Data (Baru et al 2013 Kusnetzky 2010). Consequently, taxonomy of data (see Devlin 2011, section 2) in the realm of Big Data can be regarded as a viable ass in the evolution of contemporary DW schema. For more details, refer to Figure 1. Figure 1 Taxonomy of data as viewed at the point of transition from data warehousing to Big Data techniques. The figure shows six master(prenominal) varieties of data named multiplex, textual, compound, derived, atomic, and m easurement. (Devlin 2011, section 2) RDBMS is a database management system that is based on defining, linking, and organizing different database elements like tables, forms, queries, etc. However, a standard DW schema gives maximum importance to the data tables. As such, data tables are organize with the help of dimensional modeling (Kimball and Ross 2011, p. 16). This is a method of database administration which is based on simplicity and architectural coherence of distributed database systems with complex warehousing

What is a Mahdaviat Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a Mahdaviat - Term Paper ExampleThe Mahdaviats believe in the Mahdi. They believe that he is Islams primary expect savior. They believe that they are th descendants of Muhammad. They believe that the Mahdi shall be known after a season of pain and suffering in the world. They overly believe that the Mahdi lead bring about justice in the world. They believe that the Mahdi will be the leader of a revolution which will bring about the raw world order. Nations that oppose the Mahdi will go to war against the Mahdi. They also believe that the Mahdi shall instigate a vii year peace treaty with a Jew of a priest lieneage. The Mahdaviats believe that ISLAM shall be the only godliness on earth when the Mahdi is around. They also believe that the Mahdi shall rule for even years with Jerusalem as his centre. They also believe that Israel shall be conquered.Who is the Mahdi?The Mahdi in Arabic means the rightly guided one. He is a major(ip) figure in Islamic eschatology. He is the one who shall restore justice and religion and shall rule to begin with the earth ends. The Mahdi concept began on the inception of Islam and is popularly identified with the Shiite branch. The Mahdi shall come to save the Mahdaviats. He will show up in Mecca and shall travel from Mecca to Kufa in Iraq. At the time of showing up, he shall be forty years old. He shall wear a ring that belonged to King Solomon. The Mahdi shall fulr for a period of seven-spot years. He is a descendant of Muhammed. Finally, the Mahdi is a person who shall conquer his enemies will be led by the one eyed antichrist.

How can the child's position in the family and the size of the childs Essay

How skunk the childs position in the family and the size of the childs family influence his or her development - Essay Exampler of solid studies dealing with family size and childs IQ development, it has been noted that a large number of studies routinely show that family size is related considerably to childrens IQs the larger the family, the lower the childrens IQ is promising to be (Zajonc 1976). This can be because of the reason that less crowded families gets parents to be more involved with their children adult them more attention than larger families.Size of the family has had a depressing effect on childrens IQ in Scotland and France alone with families of four or more children scoring below the mean for the general population. In a separate study in France and Holland, family size has been found to operate somewhat independently of socio scotch status when it comes to childrens IQs. This is to say that children from smaller families have the advantage when it comes to co gnitive development irrespective of their parents economic status, and large families tend to depress childrens IQs irrespective of their parents economic status. Moreover, as family sizes get larger, the childs percentage of passing an admission test automatically drops according to Zajonc analysis index.There are already literary supports on the importance of birth order in the family that affect the childs temperament and other characteristics. Childs position in the family proves to be significant according to detailed clinical studies, however factors are so numerous and varied in defying statistical generalization. There is still practically doubt whether the childs status constitutes a psychological entity accounting to the share of attention from parents. Children in the family may have the same physical environment they are exposed to but receive varied attitudes and expectations for each from others depending on the childs birth order and sex (Lindgren & Watson 1979).Re ading Development. In a study concerning childs reading influences, ordinal

How Italian Food Defines You, Your Family, and Your Ethnicity Essay

How Italian Food Defines You, Your Family, and Your Ethnicity - Essay ExampleA side dish of salad or vegetables rounds out the meal. After a beverage, predominantly wine, a decadent dessert is also consumed. And always, conversation and laughter dominates the family table.Many Italian-Americans still salve the Vatican custom of seven fishes served on New Years Eve, including squid, eels, and conch. The traditional meal on Easter is lamb. Of course, all meals atomic number 18 accompanied with a pasta side dish.Since gorgonzola, mozzarella, and parmesan cheeses were first made by Italians, these dairy products are incorporate into just about all Italian fare. To discuss Italian culture and food, we have to include the subject field of the all-American pizza. USA pizza is different from Italian pizza in that pizza served in Italy has less cheese, and the sauciness is thin as paper.The New York Times published an article stating that it is as important how we eat irrelevant to what we eat. That could be a lesson in cooking. When Italians dine, they take their time eating. They have a relationship with food. Mealtimes with the family are intimately sacred. Conversation at the table strengthens the bond of family.Italians also lead active lives. Cars are not allowed in many Italian town centers. Therefore, walking is necessary. Most residents are walkups without elevators. Most importantly, portion sizes are such(prenominal) smaller in Italy.

Medival Armor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medival mail - Research Paper ExampleThe term medieval refers to the time from the 11th century AD until the wipeout of the 15th century, known as the Middle Ages, as it is the middle period in time, separating the antiquity from modernity. This theme will investigate the different types of armor apply in warfare during the Middle Ages, from small pieces of low-strength armor to the fully-enclosed suits of armor worn by the wealthiest of soldiers. In site to understand the types of armor used during the Middle Ages and the figure behind each, it is necessary to understand some of the background behind the Middle Ages. Characterized by economic dislocation, plague, war, well-disposed upheaval and increased violence, the Middle Ages are sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages (McKay, Hill, Buckler 379). The middle ages began after(prenominal) the fall of the classical Roman Empire, and with that fall, the political organization of Europe was relinquished in favor of a much more fragmented style of governance feudalism (Weapon 56). This system was based upon the division of the peoples into little land factions under the leadership of a noble. The noble would provide his subjects with a parcel of land in exchange for military service or protection. The people were responsible for providing their own arms and armor, and could be called upon to execute at any point in time. Domestic work, such as farming and household duties were leave to the woman of the home (Stephenson 2). During the time period, war was often fought for religious causes and attacks from mounted nomad tribes (Weapon 56). After the invention of the horseback riding stirrup in the 8th century, soldiers no longer arrived at the battle on horse and fought on foot, but rather they fought on horseback, since the stirrup provided much better stability when using a peter or sword (Weapon 57). Large battles known as pitched battles were fought usually in open spaces, among enormous masses of infantry and knight. The opposing infantries attempted to break the ranks of their enemy, and once this feat was accomplished, the mounted cavalry would enter the battle, slaying as many infantrymen as possible, while further disrupting the enemy ranks (Medieval warfare). In addition to pitched battles, forces often utilized siege warfare to breach the fortifications of the enemy. In order to understand the armor used during the middle ages, it is necessary to understand what types of weapons were used against the armor. There were three main(prenominal) categories of weapons used bladed weapons, staff weapons, and the render and its variations. The weapon of choice for most soldiers was the sword a fleshy cutting weapon used to hack through anything in its path (Weapon 62). In addition to the representative long and flat sword, there were sharply-pointed thrusting swords with blades that became progressively longer as armor developed therefore (Weapon 62). The next major wea pon of choice was the staff weapon basically, a combination of either the gig or lance with an axe, hammer or mace. The result of this combination was a weapon that could be used like a lance during a charge or like an axe during close flock to hand combat (DeVries 29). In addition to bladed and staff weapons, bows and its variations were fairly common during combat. Longbows were capable of rubor an arrow up to 360 yards (Weapon 78). Even more capable than the longbow was the crossbow, a weapon with a horizontal bow attached to a stock. The bow was held in place with a latch, and would fire at the pull of a trigger, at

Story Summary ( two old women ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Story Summary ( two over-the-hill women ) - Essay ExampleThe two women then move on to a place where they terminate fend off dreadful memories and probable enemies. They walk for an uncertain destination until they become exhausted. They halt the night there hardly the next morning, with their aching joints, freezing lungs and swollen feet and also fatigue, they continue on their journey up to the shopping centre of a frozen lake. The next day, they become success to cross the lake despite Chidzigyaaks misery. When four old age is gone over, they come to a slough that reminds Ss that they are in the right path. They smile first to their parley after a long period of time. But, after a tiresome journey, they feel again of death. being hungry, they eat the rabbit head and broth. Now, taking their belongings, they move on to follow the river. On the sixth day, Sa can see an opening to the creek. After crossing the river, they see there remains of the long desired fishracks. At th e scenery of the fishracks, they feel at home. But, the next day the two older women prepare for colder weather ahead. At this time, they feel that they are much closed to be abandoned. Now, they begin to share their memories of their family and childhood. Chidzigyaak remembers the time the family left her grannie behind and Sa remembers how she grew up more interested in what boys did than the girls and how her family accepted her. She tells Chidzigyaak, women spend their idle time telling stories and weaving rabbit fur blanket and clothing. In this very day, they capture a grouse and ticktock a change of meat from rabbit squirrel and beaver to the meat of grouse since they start their journey.Now, the winter is passed and it is spring. They occlusion muskrats and beaver and freeze dry the meat. Now they dont trust the young generation. The women judge to move to a safe place where no one will want to go in the fear of mosquitoes. They spend the spring and arctic summer fishing and hunting. They use their ingenuity to store and

Global Assessment of Haiti Part 2 Research Paper

Global Assessment of Haiti Part 2 - Research Paper ExamplePneumonia and Influenza atomic number 18 the major diseases that cause a lot of deaths of the Haitian macrocosm (World Fact book, 2013). The country is undefendable to environmental impacts like harsh climatic changes and stressors of the environment like hurricanes and earthquakes. The country has presidential system and the national host is bestowed with law making processes. Use of voodoo doctrines is part and parcel of the Haitian population and the whole population is strong believers of the Roman Catholic. Lack of proper planning possesses a lot of challenge to the wellness celestial sphere of this country because of the wretched organization, most of the health care man whilement is conducted by NGOs like Cuban group and other bodies like MSF. Because of the natural calamities like earthquakes, the free medical services offered by the government had to close off because the government became bank craft and coul d no longer provide for the needs of the population. The old generation and the youngsters are the most susceptible members of the society based on outbreak of diseases like cholera. The case of cholera has been plaguey due to the poor hygiene and sanitation in the country. The vivid impact of the health issues is death among the vulnerable population. Due to the escalation of the health standards in the country, many international bodies conduct decided to offer a help hand and some of such bodies are Pan American health Organization (PAHO) and Partners in Health Organizations (PIH). These international bodies have embarked on vaccination programs against cholera to reduce its escalating effects. Another international body that has contend a major role is UNICEF. This body has been engaged in vaccination programs to reduce the spread of cholera and other water-borne diseases. Haiti health concern with millennium development goals Some of the goals of the millennium development are eradication of extreme poverty rate and hunger, reduction of mortality rate among children below the age of five years, amelioration of maternal health care, and combating HIV/AIDS and malaria diseases (Adam et al., 2006). Based on the findings of Haiti case, nearly all the millennium goals have not been met. Haitian population still suffers from poverty since most of them live below the poverty distinction and this therefore, means that the first goal of eradication of poverty by millennium development has not been achieved. The second gear goal is reduction of mortality rate among children below the age of five years and this goal has equally not been achieved because the most vulnerable people in the Haitian population are the children below the age of five years. The country can be said to be far away from achieving the millennium goals because of their poor health organization and failure to eradicate water-borne disease like cholera. For the country to attain these go als then a lot of changes should be done on the health sector. The government should be able to contain the health situation and it should be able to give provisions to basic medical requirements and also cleaning drunkenness water for the citizens. Without these changes then the country will still be far away from achieving the highlighted goals. Three levels of bar Levels of prevention can be broadly classified into three categories primary, secondary, and

Service operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Service operation management - Essay Example= 675 + 675= $1,3504. Modern inventory management approaches twain of the modern inventory management approaches are Just In Time (JIT) inventory management (Wikipedia, 2007) and marketer Managed Inventory (Wikipedia, 2007).a. In JIT system, the inventory is reduced and hence the associated cost of keeping the inventory. The inventory is ordered at the re-order point, this saves warehouse space and cost and growings return on investment, flavor and efficiency. A drawback of this approach is that re-order level is placed by historical demand which may not be the accurate forecasting measure. This might star to inventory depletion and customer service issues. Another drawback is that the system becomes compromising to supply shocks that is, a sudden increase in the price of inventory item. This may disturb the budgets.b. marketer Managed Inventory is a feigning where the buyer provides certain information to the supplier who then takes responsibility to throw an agreed level of inventory for the buyer. This model was successfully used for some time but it makes the buyer too dependent upon the supplier or availability of raw materials and inventory items. 5. a. H = hC = (0.1)(90-5) = $8.5Q* = (2)(S)(D) / H 1/2 = (2)(25)(4,000)/8.51/2 = 153 units (approximately)Since, Q* Hence, the best order size in this case is 500 units.b. H = hC = (0.1)(90-6) = $8.4Q* = (2)(S)(D) / H 1/2 = (2)(25)(4,000)/8.41/2 = 154 units (approximately)Since, Q*The inventory is ordered at the re-order point, this saves warehouse space and cost and increases return on investment, quality and efficiency.A drawback of this approach is that re-order level is determined by historical demand which may not be the accurate forecasting measure. This might lead to inventory depletion and customer service issues. Another drawback is that the system becomes vulnerable to supply shocks that is, a sudden increase in the price of inventory item. This may disturb the budgets.b. Vendor Managed Inventory is a model where the buyer provides certain information to the supplier who then takes responsibility to maintain an agreed level of inventory for the buyer. This model was successfully used for some time but it makes the buyer too dependent upon the supplier or availability of raw materials and inventory items.Since, Q* Since, Q* 1001, hence if we order 154 units, the discounts set up not be taken. If 1001 units are ordered, the discount of $6 can be obtained per unit.

Rational Database Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

noetic Database - Assignment ExampleThe journalists write the story of the news they collect and enter it into a form. After they write their stories, they submit it to the informationbase by pressing the submit on their screens. Immediately they press the submit the data enters the database. The data is stored in the database in tables that are called store tables.These tables are organized to have the headlines, the dates, the venues and cities, the content, the images and other attributes of the story. Then the interview that will display which information is pen down. Therefore whenever a visitor visits the website, the query runs and will signal the news as HTML to him when he strikes on the query.There are important things in choosing it as a good primary key for the database. First, it is unique there is no other formula 1. Secondly, the key will be easy to see and easy to access the information from it. It will excessively be used as a link to the story in the table th at cannot be written directly.

Flexibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Flexibility - Essay ExampleIt works in interrelation with different operational and transactional factors interchangeable workforce, technological capital, organisational systems and the concern as a whole. Flexibility allowed in the labor force earns delinquent efficiency if it helps to augment the degree of commitment of organizational workforce. (Procter & Ackroyd, 2009, p. 495). Three main themes would be outlined in the paper, which can be given as follows.The concept of flexibility to be successful must be closely tied to high degree of organizational commitment. Present level of increased competition triggers the fate of a pliant workforce who would rightly adapt to changes in level of demand and operational process. The course of flexibility earns success if the employees work together in a committed manner to discover organizational goals (Guest, 1989.p.49).Moreover, flexibility of the labor force t blockades to identify the Human Resources Management as a strategica l initiative, which helps the company to earn a distinct competitive advantage. Human Resource Management as a strategic function encompasses the different policies and end goals behind the proper management of the labor force. The strategic face of humane resource management is likely needed in bigger firms with several departments and also in early(a) multinational firms for maintaining a strong binding in the labor force. (Boxar, Peter & Purcell, 2003. p.50)In key inter-group communication to the concept of human resources management is the process of recruitment and selection of the right candidate to help achieve the organizational goals. Thus recruitment and selection procedures and methods must be devised keeping in mind the end goals.The modern day organization desires to bring in a lot of flexibility in their organizational procedure and management of human resources in the organization. Modern day companies observe that through a flexible workforce the company can achi eve high levels of profit and

History of the Catholic Church on the Death Penalty Research Paper

History of the Catholic Church on the Death Penalty - Research Paper ExampleIt is obvious that many at bottom the Catholic church building building are against the death penalty. But the church as of today has not taken any official stance. History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty Introduction From the descent there has been a battle within the Catholic Church on whether the Church should support the occasion of expectant punishment or not. In the Catechism of the Catholic Church, it seems slip by that the churchs response should be to support the hold of capital punishment, as long as it is done justly and all efforts are made to contract that an innocent man or woman is not put to death. Recently, popes and some of the bishops in the United States, cast off started to campaign against the use of the death penalty. It seems clear that these individuals are not denying the compatibility of capital punishment with Catholic teaching, solely instead have just begun t o argue against its use for a variety of personal reasons. This paper looks at the history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and notes how it has changed over time. Early History The starting time real testimony against the use of the death penalty can be found in the Montanist working of Tertullian. Tertullian writing sometime between 197 and 207 composed De Idololatria. In this, Tertullian states in chapter seventeen that even if the servant of deity appeals to the power of the state, he should not pronounce capital sentences. Following up on Tertullian, Lactantius writing almost 305 to 323, wrote Divinae Institutiones. In this Lactantius states that when God prohibited murder, this also refers to the men who administer the death penalty (Bockle & Pohier 46). Lantantiuss position was clear a man could not even charge or be charged with a capital offense. After Tertullian and Lantantius others began to write on the subject. Felix in his work Octavius V, written around 225, states that it is wrong for the church to assist in the killing of man, or even to listen to an account of it. In the Canons of Hippolytus II, 16, Hippolytus in a more ancient Egyptian tradition states that whoever holds the power of the sword, and the judge who proceeds over capital cases, should recant their office or be excluded from the catechism (Bockle & Pohier 47). In the same vein, The Council of Elvira in 305 ordered that all the duumvirate magistrates should not bring down a church during their years of office, even though they were not required to pronounce capital sentences (Bockle & Pohier 47). The church had a problem here as to how it could support the right of the state to execute the hardened criminal, scarcely deny to those who enforce the law the rights and privileges of the church. Ambrose, a former imperial officer, saw this and in or astir(predicate) the year 385 wrote to the Magistrate Studius about just this issue. In this letter Ambrose stated that Romans 13 recognizes the states power to take life, still he also goes on to say that we should imitate Christ in his forgiveness of the adulteress. In Ambroses headspring he could not find a solution to the churchs dilemma. Augustine was to follow Ambrose in his writings in his De Libero Arbitrio. In this Augustine stated that the death penalty is a commandment of God. However Augustine was to go on to say in the

United Health Group Essay Example for Free

United Health Group experiment1.Describe clearly the report changes Harnischfeger made in 1984 as stated in Note 2 of its fiscal statements a.Harnischfeger registered as a meshwork sale the final sales amount of products bought from Kobe instead of only the vulgar margin received per unit. It has also taken in musing the financial statements of some subsidiaries (but not all told of them) to increase net sales.2.What is the effect of the dispraise accounting method change on the reported income in 1984? How will this change affect profits in future tense years? a. In the case of depreciation of some type of assets, Harnischfeger is adjusting its depreciation policy to the straight-line method from accelerated methods, which let the company increased net income as the adjustments are being applied retroactively. This change will increase net income in the flood tide immediate years, but the depreciation expense will be present for a several much(prenominal) years since the straight-line method is being used.3.What is the effect of the depreciation lives change? How will this change affect future reported profits? a.As mentioned before since straight-line method will be used, depreciation expenses will be more realistic. The change will increase profits immediately but reduces them in the following years.4.The depreciation accounting changes assume that Harnischfegers plant and machinery will last longer and will lose their value more slowly. Given the business conditions Harnischfeger was facing in its primary industries in 1984, are these economic assumptions justified? a.Yes, I believe it was totally justified since revenues went down to $398,708,000 in 1984 from $447,461,000 in 1982, specially taking in consideration that 1984 revenues include other subsidiaries income that were not part of 1982 financial statements.

How Is the Power of Dreams and Dreaming in the Novel of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How Is the Power of Dreams and Dreaming in the Novel of Mice and workforce EssayThe idea of moving from one place to another, working hard and trying to raise the bore of life for you and your loved ones is kn consume as The American Dream. Steinbeck invites us to understand how having this pipe imagine keeps them going despite the challenging life that distri simplyively character faces. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck makes this inspiration the main focus of the story for twain the reader and characters. Georges dream is to drive independence and to go into town and get whatever I fate but most master(prenominal)ly he dreams of being somebody. On the other hand, Lennie aspires to be with George and to run for the rabbits.Ultimately, George and Lennie some(prenominal) wanted to have a little house and couple of acres an a appal and some pigs however, George only attests Lennie about their dream to comfort Lennie. This is shown when Lennie says No You tell it. It aint the same if I tell it. Go on George. How do I get to lean the rabbits. It is only after they all established that together, this thing they never believed in was coming true Even though the dream is very important to George as nearly, Steinbeck portrays Lennie as someone who wants the dream a lot more.This is shown through Lennies angry or at sea feelings when he feels like he has done something that would jeopardise their dream. George uses this to his advantage to threaten and control Lennie by blackmailing him, If you do, I wont let you tend the rabbits. Consequently, Lennie tries to please George and to gain his approval as much as possible. another(prenominal) way in which Steinbeck shows the power of dreams and dreaming in the novel is through how much they want it. Steinbeck portrays separately characters desperation through their lifestyle. The dream that each character has reflects what is missing from their life.George and Crooks are both very desperate about t his dream because they both want their current lives to be like their past. This is shown when, for a second, George loses track of the present and says wed keep a few pigeons to go flyin around the win mill about like they done when I was a kid which is referring back to his childhood. Similarly, Crooks wants to return to his past. The white kids used to consort at our place, an sometimes I went to play with them. This shows that Crooks used to be well respected and equal within his community.After all, Crooks aint a southern negro however, he is not treated well at the ranch, therefore, the dream provides comfort for Crooks. Although George wants to return to his childhood, there is a deeper meaning to his dream. George wants to just say the hell on earth with goin to work because unlike Candy, George doesnt want to stay at the ranch too long so he would get canned. For George, the dream means that nobody could can us Furthermore, George doesnt want to have to keep moving beca use he would jus live there and belong there.There wouldnt be no more runnin round the country and gettin fed by a Jap cook. This suggests that hell be his own boss. A result of being a migrant worker, no one at the ranch has whatever friends, which is why Crooks was surprised to hear that Lennie had George. For George and Lennie, the dream of having their own land provides a stable home that depart eventually gain them friends and family. On the other hand, Crooks is very pessimistic about the possibility of a dream becoming a significantity because he has been segregated in the ranch for as long as he can remember.His cynicism has led him to believe Its just in their head. Theyre all the time talkin about it, but its jus in their head. This suggests that his past experiences have affected his power to dream. Steinbeck reinforces the power of dreaming within the novel, as he shows every characters reaction when they all realise that there is a possibility of George and Lennies dream becoming reality. They looked at each other, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true. formerly they believed that the dream is a possibility, the tension is ramped up. Suddenly there is something to lose and something to fight for. This massively enhances the power that the dream has over each character and for a while the feeling of doom is lessened. The reader wants to know if each character can escape the curse they seem to be under and reach their goals. For Lennie and candy the dream would provide an exciting opportunity, as both characters are not worth much in the real world. The dream would provide them a chance of appreciation.To Lennie, the dream is an antidote to disappointment and loneliness, and he often asks George to number the description of the farm to him for comfort. Like a child, he loved the hear George telling him to tend the rabbits correspondingly for Candy it would make him feel more important as he can cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some Even though Curleys Wife was the reason that the dream ferocious apart, she had big dreams to be in pitchers Unsatisfied by her surly husband, she constantly lurks around the barn, trying to draft the workers in conversation.However, although she may come across as very flirtatious, she only flirts with the men for attention. Which is what her dream would have provided her if she didnt marry Curley. Shes so lonely, and so desparate for the attention of the men at the ranch that she even flirts with Lennie as she leans closely at him to see if she was impressing him To look in more detail about how Steinbeck shows the power of the dreams, trail each individual character and how they all act to their dreams ending.For example, Steinbeck has made Curley very bitter after the fruition of his dreams ending when Candys wife is killed by Lennie. His bitterness shows how much the dream meant to him and how he compulsory it because he is old and disabled so he will probably get canned soon, He shuffles out of the barn which that he has given up all hope, almost given up on life.

The First World War Essay Example for Free

The First World fight EssayAll of the sources give different impressions as to wether Germanys leaders are responsibe for the outbreak of the First World War. acknowledgment 1 seems to powerfully suggest that German leaders and the German Government did in fact push for the fight with Hewitson blaming the Army and suggesting that Germany was looking for an chance to start contend however he does not fully support the view that German leaders were obligated. usher and Armour (Source 2) strongly supports this view by again pointing to the millitary and prime minister Bethmann Hollweg looking for an opportunity to plight war but again not fully placing the blame on Germany but looking at the threating actions of Russia and Britain. In contrast to both Source 1 and 2 Norman Stone ( Source 3) does not blame Germany, instead he suggest that the emphasis in Europe for the last decade lastly reached an ultimatum in the July crisis and the war was the breach of all Great powers. bulls eye Hewitson argument that German army and the regimen pushed for war originally 1914 is reasonable and portions the blame on the German leaders, this view is also supported by ficher who said that Germany was making plans for annexation onward the July crisis which suggest that Germany hoped to quickly win the war. It is also supported by the Council meeting in 1912 which held that it was Germanys consious decision to engage war for its own gain. This view is supported by Porter and Armour ( source 2), they say Bethmann Hollweg government deliberatly provoked a diplomatic crisis which it knew might lead to war. This strongly suggest that German leaders were actually responsible for the outbreak and the statement might be true, because if Hollweg knew that the war would be a certain victory, he would certainly be very pro-war, this due to him carrying about German wellfare which can be seen through certain reforms he passed, much(prenominal) as the 1911 imperial insu rence code. Norman ( Source 3) does not fully accept the argument that the German army pushed for war, he instead says that the war was collectivly the fault of Great powers and increasing hysteria since 1890 . insure ( Source 1) argues that Germany was trying to make themselves seen as the ones that need to symbolize themselves, to undercut popular opposition to war by casting Russia as the agressor, this would give Germany anopportunity to wage war on Russia without other European powers being hostile to Germany. Reich government was able to undercut public opposition, with Russia being the agressor the German government hoped that nationalism would stop the public from opposing the war. Porter and Armour (soure 2) agrees with Mark Anglo-Russian naval talks, this would mean encirclement for Germany and in fact might show Germany as the republic that only(prenominal) wants to defend itself. This could suggest that German leaders were not as responsible but the other countries such(prenominal) as Russia , France and Britain being aggressive and therefore Germany naturally being worried. Norman ( source 3) also agrees on the fact that it was the tension in Europe that led to war instead of German leaders decisions.Mark ( Source 1) does come into a conclusion that not neccesserly German leaders planned war, but preferably continued a policy of brinkmanship. The contination of this policy however might be the decision that has caused some tension amongst majour European countries, the expansion of Germany might of have been seen as a threat towards other countries such as France which could suggest that German leaders were in fact responsible. Porter ( source 2) does suggest that Gernan leaders were responsible, civilian and millitary leaders were much influenced by a deep pessimism as to Germanys survival if it did not act before it was too late. This is of course talking about the Schlieffen proposal which is an agressive plan of sieging france to not fight a war on two fronts during the war. This contrasts with Mark ( source 1 ) who says that German leaders did not neccessary plan the war, Schlieffen Plan was created 1905, which suggest that German millitary leaders were thinking about planning the war way back before the tension in Europe was high. Norman ( source 3) does seem to disagree with source 1 as it says the situation in which the First World War did break out was forseen for five years early this suggest that the politicians and leaders would of known about the possibilty of war, and therefore some planning would need to be do in case of the war.In conclusion the German Leaders alone cant be responsible for the outbreak of war due to tense situation in Europe, triple entente being put in place which would encircle and therfore endanger Germany. However the sourcessuggest that to a large extent German leaders were contributing towards creating the tension in Europe by their dangerous policy, their army leaders who cute to quickly start a war and go through Belgium to gain France which would cause Britain to enter the War with the hopes of Germany not having to fight on two fronts and also the contribution to making the relationship between Britain and Germany thorugh policies such as Weltpolitik or Flottenpolitik. Finally the situation in Germany nationalism and hysteria and also SDP meant that to bring the country together a war would be the only reasonable choice.

A Synopsis of the Movie I, Robot Essay Example for Free

A Synopsis of the Movie I, Robot EssayI always asked myself if those stories about robots overcoming adult male will be bonk real. Sci-Fi books are being my favorites since I was a kid and I watched every major(ip) movie about this subject. My favorites is I, robot that tells the story of a society in the future that relies on robots for totally its interior(prenominal) activities, except somehow one of those robots became assured of his own self and started to develop a mind, but most important, a soul. The robot started to develop a sense of what is right and wrong, and not because some curriculum installed in its memory or an algorithm protocol of orders, it begun making decisions not based on book of instructions or learning by mistake process, but by searching deep on its tenderheartedness what was the right thing to do.The robots name is Calvin and the movie, starred by Will Smith, is based on a set of short stories by Isaac Asimov, prolific writer considered a mas ter in voiceless skill fiction. On his I, robot short stories, one of them titled Three Law of Robotic, and which he considered his maximal contribution to forgiving kind of the future (Asimov wrote the book on 1950), he came up with three laws that he thought a future society must input on robots in order to coexist with them as part of their day by day living. Those laws are 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would dispute with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.These laws seem to be sincerely basic, but their logic really doesnt have any gaps, at least at counterbalance impression. When Calvin (the robot) encounters a conflict with those commands, he started to develop its false intelligence and becoming more human. When Calvin i s in a situation that its deactivation will be harmful for his two human friends, he decided to react for his existence, and a new era of robots was born. Like Asimov there are several authors and scientists that predicted a future where robots and substitute intelligence are a big part of society. And they have reasons to believe on this.After the industrial Revolution took place, we have being searching for more productive ways to increase manufacture. Industrialization and push-down list production levels demand better, faster and smarter ideas to satisfy the greater demand of consume based societies. To achieve those repetitive goals, engineering and specially robotics is used more and more often. Some factories are made only on robots that build equipment parts or process food in a way no human can do. Major companies know where we are heading and invest more and more in robotic technology and artificial intelligence, like we read in the following citation of the article of Nicholas Carr Is Google Making us paradoxical? Where does it end? Sergey Brin and Larry Page, the gifted young men who founded Google while pursuing doctoral degrees in computer science at Stanford, speak frequently of their desire to turn their search engine into an artificial intelligence, a HAL-like gondola that might be connected directly to our brains.The ultimate search engine is something as smart as peopleor smarter, Page said in a speech a few long time back. For us, working on search is a way to work on artificial intelligence. In a 2004 interview with Newsweek, Brin said, Certainly if you had all the worlds information directly attached to your brain, or an artificial brain that was smarter than your brain, youd be better off. Last year, Page told a convention of scientists that Google is really hard to build artificial intelligence and to do it on a large scale.There is no uncertainness for me that there is a future where robots will be everywhere Some robots might be playing precise heart surgeries, controlling traffic and overseen proper transit on the streets, cleaning our houses as domestic service or maybe even teaching English Composition at the local biotic community College (no offense to Ms. Patrice Fleck), but lets be ready if some day they become aware of their own existence, giving the next step on their evolution as metallic beings. Lets hope that their intentions towards us are attached to the Three Laws of Robotic stipulated by Asimov, they could be the difference between our selection and coexistence, or our total annihilation.

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay Example for Free

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems EssayStorage Tanks atomic number 18 the tanks in which flammable and combustive tranquils be stored. The storage tanks should be constructed of steel in case they argon constructed above grounds. The non- comburant substance can be used for the construction if it is used to store a combustible liquid. The material used for the construction must be that helps the tank to be protected against the fire. In ane of the storage tank fires broke out at the island of Palau Merimau, Singapore and the fire started catching tankage containing petroleum, labor gasoline and diesel product. Despite the size of fire and adverse logistics, fire fighting efforts were successful in controlling the fire. This require operational and digit engineering considerations, proper fire fighting strategy, prefire and emergency chemical reaction plans, fire body of water management and frosty/semifixed system. A permanent water supply, of sufficient vo lume, duration, pressure, required to properly operate the fire fighting equipment shall be made procurable as soon as combustible materials accumulate and in the same way underground waters are to be provided, installed and made available for use as early as possible at the place of fire.In case were fixed water protection system is not installed with the tank with flammable or combustible liquids the floating chapiter to cover on liquid which helps to protect the fire to be broke out. Most fires in this design of tank burn only at the seal and are usually easily extinguished. Tanks with floating roofs are not likely to be involved in serious fires. This is because there is far less liquid surface is exposed to the fire.When storage tanks are not equipped with fixed fire protection then(prenominal) it must contain a stable liquid storage at a pressure 17kPa (gauge). The tanks containing flammable liquids should be normally kept closed for protection of unless the tank is ventin g. Where drainage facilities are provided to drain water from dike areas, efforts should be made to prevent flammable liquids from entering into any natural resources as it set up fire hazard.REFERENCEReferred to sites1. http//www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE subsection 4. 3. 1. Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks 2. http//www. osha. gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf. html Fire Protection and Prevention DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART 1926. clv 3. http//www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Dated 4th stately 2007

Purpose of various software utilities Essay Example for Free

intend of various softw be package utilities EssayVirus vindication virus trade protection protects a estimator scheme from malicious viruses and Trojans and worms which you can be infected by through the network or email or downloading files or through a USB flash drive etc. virus protection usu completely(prenominal)y consists of a firewall, virus scanner, virus remover and spyware. With virus protection you can perform a scan on your computer to check if you prepare been infected by each viruses or Trojans or worms.With some virus protections softwares you can scan your computer then it will ask you if you want the viruses removed, also if any course of instructions have been infected the virus protection will ask you if you want the infected program deleted, well-nigh virus protection programs quarantine the infected programs in case they are not really viruses. The main(prenominal) objective of anti-virus software is to protect your computer form getting vir uses, it does this by scanning downloads and attachments for viruses, it does this in the flat coat while the user is performing other tasks. If the user does come across a virus the program will warn the user and give the user the option of deleting it before it infects the computer.Some virus protection programs protect the user against spyware, this is a malicious program that enters a computer through internet, the threat usually comes through pop-up ads or bad internet websites, if a threat does come through the virus protection will warn the user and give the user an option to eliminate the threat before it harms the computer. Firewalls the purpose of a firewall is to block intruders by looking for suspicious words such as domain name or IP addresses, certain protocols like file transfer protocol, ports and routing through a proxy service. in that billet are two types of firewalls, hardware firewalls and software firewalls. Software firewalls provide another coating of sec urity, software firewalls remove malware on your computer from being sent to others. Hardware firewalls treat any kind of traffic from traveling from a local network out to the internet as safe.An example of a threat submission your computer could be, you visit a website that contains a hidden malicious program thats designed to on the Q.T. install itself on your machine and then send information out via the internet, this maybe to steal individualisedized information, this is one method of infection. It is very dangerous to operate the internet without a firewall because then you will not be notified if a malicious program is trying to enter your computer and if youdo not have a firewall it will not be able to protect you from malicious programs that will damage your computer.A hardware firewall is a physical device that connects to a computer and is configurable through connection to it or both through using the internet browser or through a command line interface. clean u p tools e.g. removal of cookies, internet news report and defragmentation the cookies in your browser are meant to make pages load faster, solely they eventually start to slow down the system, overall the cookie files will become very bighearted and this will impact on the overall speed of the system, this is where you could implement the cleaning software, the cleaning software scans for and deletes gaga and unnecessary selective information then after doing the clean-up procedure pages will take longer to open further this is normal.Internet history is a record of an internet users visited websites, downloaded files, saved passwords, saved internet files and cookies. By removing all your internet history is makes your computer system faster because there is more spot to store files, also by removing your internet history all saved passwords will get deleted and all files downloaded will also get deleted.You should remove your internet history every couple of weeks so your hi story doesnt get cluttered up, this is what makes your internet slow. Removal of internet history can be through very easily using the internet options, you can go to the tools section of your web browser. Most internet browsers such as internet explorer and Mozilla Firefox allow you to select the categories to delete internet history, this way it is lots easier if you only want to delete one category instead of deleting all the categories, for example if you want to deplete form entropy you simply click on erase form selective information to delete all the history in that category.When removing internet history it also gives you the option to delete cookies, deleting cookies often is a effectual thing because you can get hackers that use trackers to monitor your browsing activity and they can steal personal or private information. Fragmentation can cause a computer to run slower and affect problems can emerge when opening files. A defragmentation program will take the corrupted and scattered info on the drive and physically rearrange it, decreasing loading times and placing fewer problems on the computers processor.Defragmentation reduces data access and allows storage to be apply more efficiently, some in operation(p) systems automatically defragment storage periodically, scarce others requirethat the user occasionally use a special utility for this purpose. Drive arrange formatting a hard drive enables it to be able to read and write data by creating a partition on the drive, a hard disk drive can be formatted or reformatted depending on what is being done to the drive.When a new hard drive is formatted a bootable partition is created, the partition that is created is where that operating system is installed. Formatting a hard drive requires selecting a file system that will be used on the drive, the file system is what the operating system uses to organize and allocate information that is indite to various sectors on the hard disk. Formatting a h ard disk will overwrite the data on the drive. The formatting process only removes the operating systems ability to read the data on the drive, data needs to be rewritten to the drive and then reformatted again to ensure that the data is no longer accessible. cash register fresh the purpose of a registry cleaner is to remove redundant items from the registry. A registry cleaner is designed for the use of Microsoft windows operating system. Registry cleaners have an automated procedure where it looks for invalid entries, deficient file references or broken links within the registry and resolving or removing them. There are many registry cleaner programs you can download of the internet, some for free and some you have to purchase, for e.g. CCleaner is a registry cleaner program which is free and it works on windows 8, 7, vista and XP.CCleaner can be used to uninstall programs. It also allows changes of start-up programs, so users can disable start-up programs and CCleaner lets the user delete system restore points. Benchmarking Benchmarking is basically zip a computer program. Benchmark utilities are important in PC optimisation and troubleshooting. Benchmarking assesses the relative functioning of an object, by running standard tests and trials against it.Benchmarking assesses the performance characteristics of computer hardware. There are full system benchmarks as well as those that only test certain parts of a system such as the memory, CPU function, hard drives and network connections. Benchmarks help find out if there is a problem and where the location is. Bibliography http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmark_(computing)http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virushttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)http//www.ladenterprizes.com/What_firewall.htmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formattinghttp//danieleastcroftict.posterous.com/clean-up-tools-for-removal-of-cookies-and-int http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registry_cleaner

Service Marketing-Pizza Hut Essay Example for Free

Service Marketing-pizza hut EssayA subsidiary of PepsiCo, Inc. , the keep company oversees more than 11,000 pizza eating houses and economy outlets in 90 countries worldwide. In October 1997, the company expected to become a subsidiary of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. , form from the spin-off of PepsiCos restaurant holdings. Pizza chanty was founded in 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown of Wichita, Kansas. When a suspensor suggested opening a pizza parlorthen a raritythey agreed that the idea could prove successful, and they borrowed $600 from their mother to start a stage business with partner John Bender. Renting a small building at 503 South vaporous in downtown Wichita and purchasing secondhand equipment to make pizzas, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant on opening night, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. A year later, in 1959, Pizza Hut was incorporated in Kansas, and Dick Hassur opened the first fr anchise unit in Topeka, Kansas. In the early 1960s Pizza Hut grew on the strength of aggressive marketing of the pizza restaurant idea. In 1962, the Carney brothers bought out the interest held by Bender, and Robert Chisholm joined the company as treasurer.In 1966, when the human activity of Pizza Hut franchise units had grown to 145, a home office was established to coordinate the businesses from Wichita. deuce years later, the first Pizza Hut franchise was opened in Canada. This was followed by the establishment of the planetary Pizza Hut Franchise Holders Association (IPHFHA). It aimed at acquiring 40 percent of the companys franchise operations, or 120 stores, and adding them to the six outlets wholly owned by Pizza Hut. The acquisitions, however, brought turmoil to the arrange.Varied accounting systems apply by the previous franchise owners had to be merged into one operating system, a process that took octette months to complete. In the meantime, sales flattened and profi ts tumbled. In early 1970 Frank Carney decided that the company practise of relying on statistics from its annual report to inform its business strategy was inadequate, and that a more developed, long-term business plan was necessary. The turning point occurred when Pizza Hut went public and began growing at an unprecedented pace. Pizza Huts corporate strategy, arrived at after much consultation and boardroom debate, emerged in 1972.The corporate strategys first precession was increasing sales and profits for the chain. Continuing to build a strong financial base for the company to provide adequate financing for growth was the second priority. The strategy also called for adding new restaurants to the chain in emerging and growing markets. In 1970 Pizza Hut opened units in Munich, Germany, and Sydney, Australia. That kindred year, the chains five-hundredth restaurant opened, in Nashville, Tennessee. Further acquisitions that year included an 80 percent stake in ca-ca Italy, a fr ozen crust maker, and a joint venture, Sunflower Food Processors, formed with Sunflower Beef, Inc.The same year, the menus for all restaurants added sandwiches to the staple Thin n Crispy pizza offering. In 1971 Pizza Hut became the worlds largest pizza chain, according to sales and number of restaurantsthen just more than 1,000 in all. A year later the chain gained a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Pizza Hut also achieved, for the first time, a one million dollar sales week in the U. S. market. At the end of 1972 Pizza Hut made its long-anticipated offer of 410,000 shares of common stock to the public.The company expanded by purchasing three restaurant divisions Taco Kid, Next Door, and the Flaming Steer. In addition, Pizza Hut acquired Franchise Services, Inc. , a restaurant turn in company, and J G Food Company, Inc. , a food and supplies distributor. The company also added a second scattering center in Peoria, Illinois. In 1973 Pizza Hut expanded further by opening ou tlets in Japan and Great Britain. Three years later the chain had more than 100 restaurants outside the get together States and two thousand units in its franchise network. The companys 2,000th restaurant was opened in Independence, Missouri.

Sample Final Exam Essay Example for Free

Sample Final Exam EssayThe alliance currently has internet per deal out of $8. 25. The conjunction has no growth and pays out all earnings as dividends. It has a new make which go forth require an investment of $1. 60 per share today (at time zero). The project will increase the earnings by $0. 40 per share indefinitely starting one year after the investment. Investors require a 10 percent harvest-feast on XYZ stock. Assume the firm just paid the dividend of $8. 25 yesterday. a) What is the revalue per share of the companys stock assuming the firm does not undertake the investment hazard? 5 pts) b) If the company does undertake the investment what is the value per share now? (10 pts) c) What will the value per share be 3 years from now? (5 pts) answer a) P = Dividend / R = 8. 25 / 0. 1 = $ 82. 5 b) NPVGO = (-1. 60 + 0. 40 / 0. 1) = $ 2. 40 So the stock price will be 82. 5 + 2. 40 = 84. 90 c) (8. 25 + 0. 40) / 0. 1 = 86. 5 Question 3 Portfolio Variance Suppose the jud ge returns and archetype deviation of stocks A and B are E(Ra) = 0. 13, E(Rb) = 0. 19, ? a = 0. 38, ? b = 0. 62 respectively. )Calculate the expected return and standard deviation for a portfolio that is composed of 45 percent A and 55 percent B when the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is 0. 5 (10 pts) b) How does the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B affect the standard deviation of the portfolio? (3 pts) c) Provide a localise for the correlation coefficient where we obtain diversification benefits. (i. e, The portfolio standard deviation is less than the weighted average of the individual standard deviations of the stocks? ) Provide a range where we dont feature diversification benefits. 3 + 2 pts) d) For some values of correlation coefficient, we hind end achieve a portfolio standard deviation of almost zero. unfeigned or FALSE? ( 2 pts) Solution a) The expected return of the portfolio is the sum of the weight of apiece asset tim es the expected return of each asset, so E(RP) = wAE(RA) + wBE(RB) E(RP) = . 45(. 13) + . 55(. 19) E(RP) = . 1630 or 16. 30% The variance of a portfolio of two assets can be carryed as (pic = wpic(pic + wpic(pic + 2wAwB(A(B(A,B (pic = . 452(. 382) + . 552(. 622) + 2(. 45)(. 55)(. 38)(. 62)(. 50) (pic = . 20383So, the standard deviation is (P = (. 20383)1/2 = . 4515 or 45. 15% b) As Stock A and Stock B become less correlated, or more negatively correlated, the standard deviation of the portfolio decreases. c) corr lt 1 (strictly less), corr = 1 d) TRUE Question 4 CAPM and SML Suppose that you observe the following information. Assume these securities are correctly priced. Beta judge Return XYZ Corp 1. 4 0. 150 ABC Corp 0. 9 0. 115 a) What is the risk unaffectionate rate and the expected return on the market? 3 + 3 pts) b) What is the expected return on an asset with a beta 1. 6? (4 pts) c) What is the beta on a portfolio consisting of 30% XYZ, 30% ABC, 20% risk free asset and 20% market portfolio? (5 pts) d) If a security has beta 1. 8 and expected return 18%, is this security above or below SML? Over or under priced? ( 2 + 3 pts) Solution a) Here we have the expected return and beta for two assets. We can express the returns of the two assets utilize CAPM. If the CAPM is true, then the security market line holds as well, which means all assets have the same risk premium.Setting the reward-to-risk ratios of the assets equal to each other and solving for the risk-free rate, we find (. 15 Rf)/1. 4 = (. 115 Rf)/. 90 .90(. 15 Rf) = 1. 4(. 115 Rf) .135 . 9Rf = . 161 1. 4Rf .5Rf = . 026 Rf = . 052 or 5. 20% Now using CAPM to find the expected return on the market with both stocks, we find .15 = . 0520 + 1. 4(RM . 0520). 115 = . 0520 + . 9(RM . 0520) RM = . 1220 or 12. 20%RM = . 1220 or 12. 20% b) 5. 20% + 1. 6 (12. 20% 5. 20%) = 5. 20% + 11. 20% = %16. 40 c) 0. 30 * 1. 4 + 0. 30*0. 9 + 0. 2*1 +0. *0 = 0. 89 d) According to SML 5. 20% + 1. 8 (12. 20% 5. 20%) = 5. 20% + 12. 60% = 17. 80%. The security is above SML. It is underpriced. Question 5 1).For a multi-product firm, if a projects beta is different from that of the overall firm, then the(4 pts) A. CAPM can no longer be used. B. project should be discounted using the overall firms beta. C. project should be discounted at a rate commensurate with its let beta. D. project should be discounted at the market rate. E. project should be discounted at the T-bill rate. 2). elevate Construction Co. as 80,000 bonds outstanding that are selling at par value. Bonds with similar characteristics are yielding 8. 5%. The company also has 4 million shares of common stock outstanding. The stock has a beta of 1. 1 and sells for $40 a share. The U. S. Treasury bill is yielding 4% and the market risk premium is 8%. Jacks tax rate is 35%. What is Jacks weighted average cost of capital? (8 pts) A. 7. 10% B. 7. 39% C. 10. 38% D. 10. 65% E. 11. 37% Re = . 04 + (1. 1 ( . 08) = . 128 Debt 80,000 ( $1, 000 = $80m Common 4m ( $40 = $160m Total = $80m + $160m = $240m pic

Evolution of the Nation Essay Example for Free

phylogenesis of the Nation EssayPre- civilised War, the United States was commission behind European countries like Great Britain, France, German and Belgium in terms of industrialization (Divine et al, 1991, p. 529). However, postwar, the nation saw its nobble as an industrialized power, marked by economical boom, technological and medical advances and a transformed American society. The postwar industrialization was invigorated by the Civil War itself (Tindall and Shi, 1991, p. 889). The war brought on inflation which further enhanced the position of property receiveers and entrepreneurs (p.889). Additionally, it was said that Republicans launched a policy built on business enterp line up provided its precise role in the awkwards economic festering was non clearly justified (p. 889). It too helped that the government provided in creating regional and transcontinental railroads which non only paved the way for a revolution in transformation but as well encouraged mar keting across states (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 533). The effects of this revolution in transportation would be discussed in length later on.Civil War brought the community together, encouraged them to change the landscape of the nation. Several conditions make it easier to embrace this industrial revolution. One iron manufacturer described the country as a paradiddle brimming with treasures (Divine et al, 1991, p. 529). The country was teeming with natural resources such as coal, iron, timber and iron ore (p. 529). As if these were not encouraging enough, the nation also saw a growth in hatful as some(prenominal) immigrants reached the country (p. 529).The population increase contributed to an increase in demand for products, which ultimately enabled businessmen and entrepreneurs to invest more, whether in factories or mines. When more Americans were able to provide cash for various ventures, industrialists formed corporations (p. 529). Compared to a single business, invest ors bought shares to own the company. Based on the corporations profit, they received dividend. This share purchaseing enabled industrialists to raise more funds in augmenting the business (p. 530).The US government, local, state and federal, was also a deep factor in refueling economic boom. As stated earlier, the government served a diametric role in railroads consolidation. But that was not all. The government bestowed money and land to jump come on industries. Aside from safeguarding private properties, the government pushed for individual industrialism, where people became entrepreneurs, owners of their own enterprises. Entrepreneurs thrived during the Industrial Revolution. Railways were the key to the countrys expanding productivity.It opened up linkages to other states. Railroads were instrumental in allowing transportation of raw materials like iron, steel and lumber to travel to the West, creating a national market in the bring (Tindall and Shi, 1991, p. 889). Post- Civil War, the railroad mileage increased from 53,000 to 94,000 (p. 889). In fact, by 1880s, railroad building reached its peak, from 167,000 to 199,000 (p. 890). Railroads brought the nation together, allowing for quick travel, accessibility and comfort as compared to other forms of land transportation (Divine et al, 1991, p. 533).For example, a horseback travel would mantle 50 miles in one day but on a train, the travel time would also cost one hour (p. 533). Railroads made it easier for people to genialize to others, especially those living in marooned areas. Not only did it encourage mingling, railroads also fostered trade among states (p. 533). Carrying raw materials, railroads paved the way for mass doing and mass consumption, which translated to greater financial wealth for the country (p. 533). The Industrial Revolution also saw the rise of Americans in inventions and manufacturing.Alexander Graham Bells invention of the telephone created a centralized way of communicat ion. Machines that were aimed at making work faster cropped out during this time, from the typewriter, cash register, to the electric sewing machine and icebox cars (Divine et al, 1991, p. 536). Advertising also saw an increase during this time as businesses tried to convince the public to buy their products or seek their services (p. 539). Newspapers and magazines were instrumental in the growth of advertising. The impact of industrialization saw the rise of Americans workers (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p.451). It was the workers themselves who toiled hard for the nation to reach its new industrial age but there was a dumbfound contrast between the two. While industry giants like Rockefeller and Carnegie continued to amass wealth and power, workers were left to do the hard work to ensure that giants stayed on top. In the 1900s, wage earners toiled for ten hours a day (Divine et al, 1991, p. 542). Earning $6-12 a week, families had a hard time surviving. Aside from the long hours a nd low pay, most workers had no job earnest (p. 542).The introduction of machines also raised the risks for factory workers (Jordan and Litwack 1991, p. 451). Additionally, machines also reduced the task of workers, resulting in lower paychecks (p. 451). It also did not help that the working class was dominated by men. This weary unjust ushered in women and labor unions (p. 458). As with any economic boom, the country also experienced the lows of business cycles, with the panic of 1893 when bank loans grew bigger than deposits made, resulting in the collapse of many firms (Divine et al, 1991, p. 579). For a long time, the government did not stop monopolies.This made the big companies control most of the industries. The concentration of power in the hands of the few was guaranteed to provoke the people to start questioning the system. It led eventually to the creation of the Sherman Act of 1890, which allowed the government to control big businesses (p. 576). The act was instrument al in breaking up one of the largest trust in the country- the Standard Oil (p. 579). The economic growth also made an impact to the government. During this time, the country experienced corruption, reform movements, and political party differences.Factionalism was common. Republican reformers who called themselves Mugwumps desire for civil service reforms (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 471). Under the Republican leadership of Presidents Hayes, Garfield, and Arthur, the issue of monetary policy was at postal service (pp. 474-478). Following the depression of 1890, calls for reforms started to surface, leading in an era of progressivism. The progressivism was a movement that sought for democracy, social justice, near government, effective business regulation, and a commitment to serve the public (Tindall and Shi, 1991, p.1073). Mainly the idea was to bin the dark wrongdoings while preserving the system. Leaders of the progressive movement believed that doing the aforementioned wou ld ensure the progress of the country. Journalists played a pivotal role in exposing the scandals and corruptions that plagued the country (Divine et al, 1991, p. 612). Journalists who dug the social ills of America were called muckrakers, after President Theodore Roosevelt related them to a character in John Bunyans Pilgrim Progress (p.1074). Democracy was an important element in progressivism, as progressives thought that it would help the government in doing its work (p. 1076). Another major element of progressivism was productivity. Progressives believed that improving productivity would reduce waste. By incorporating Taylors theory on scientific management, which focused on dividing the production process into several step, progressives alleged that production would increase and mistakes would be eliminated (p. 1077-1078).Progressives also called for business regulation, bureaucracy eradication, and strengthened social justice (p. 1080). Three presidents served during the Progr essive Era- Theodore Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson. Each had their own vision on the spirit of progressivism.ReferencesDivine, R. et al. (1991). America the people and the dream Illinois Scott, Foresman and Company. Jordan, W. and L. Litwack (1991). The United States combined edition. New Jersey Prentice Hall. Tindall, G. and D. Shi (1991). America A Narrative tale 5th Ed. New York W. W. Norton and Company.

Movie Analysis Essay Example for Free

Movie Analysis EssayThere argon many a(prenominal) versions of Spiderman, barely frightening Spider-man is the best version ever so. The graphic works, the music, and the plot are amazing ilk the plastic film title. The Amazing spider-man is not connected to the previous Spiderman depiction. One online film critic stated that in that respect is a silent war ongoing right now between two of the vainglorious singular book flicks hit theaters in July of 2012 Warner Bros. The Dark knight Rises and Sonys The Amazing Spider-Man (Sandy Schaefer).In addition, I do believe that this movie really sound like a more genuinely contemporary characterization of the eponymous webslinger than that offered in Raimis previous movie trilogy. Although some of the character I do not like the way they act and somehow they elicitnot give me a clear mind what they should able to act, I could still agree this version of the Spiderman is the best I meet seen. The characters in the movie are truly rich for the audience to watch. Every action movie are essential to have the element of make love scene, fighting scene, the falling scene, and the return scene.The main character is obviously the Spider-man prick Parker. Here is the aforementioned from Amazing Spider-Man Like most teenagers his age, stopcock played by Andrew Garfield is trying to figure bulge who he is and how to be the person he is today. In his journey to put the pieces of his past together he uncovers a secret that his cause Campbell Scott held a secret that will finally shape his destiny as Spider-Man. This is the first in a series of movies that tells a distinct side of the Peter Parker story. (Schaefer). Peter Parker has struggled to find his purpose in life, ever since Peters parents disappeared 13 years old.Like other movies, he must face the ultimate challenge on the brink of unlocking the arcanum. Thus, he is absolutely hero archetype that he defeats Dr. Connors and safe the in all New York City. The female character, Spider-man girlfriend, Gwen Stacy is knowledgeable and wise. For some split second, she is charismatic and rebellious when she deal with her family. Gwen is the chief intern at Oscorp, a position she takes very seriously. However, her mentor Dr. Connors is the competitor of Spiderman. captain Stacy is an esteemed police officer who leads the investigation into Spiderman. police chief Stacy is highly alert to his family more than the city, especially his only daughter, Gwen. Apparently, the villain is Dr. Connors. It is not clear that he is the lizard when it comes to the end. He is a scientist that attempts to engineer a revolutionary regeneration serum to help produce limbs and human tissue. He became so horrible at the end. The heros journey is always maintained by the 17 stages of Joseph Cambells Monomyth. But for nowadays movies, they eliminate some of the stages in a simply form. non surprisingly, Campbells idea is generally applied to many Hollywood screenwriting and literature as well.The Ordinary World- Peter Parker is a student at Midtown Science High School, and he lives with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May. His parent is a mystery and left him with no explanation when he was young. As a result, Peter is frustrated and longs to find out more about his father and why he left. Peter is weird around his peers, but he still sticks up for the underdog. Call to Adventure- Peter found out a file and lead him to inquiry his fathers lab partner who works at Oscorp Tower, Dr. Connors. He goes to him and look out for answers. Later, he is bitten by a spider that is existence used to create biocable.He starts to have the abilities of spider. He has been introduced to the surplus World that is opposite of what he knows. Refusal of the Call- Peter begins to test his power, and using them to beat the bully who picked on him, inexpensive Thompson. His emotion change and have argument with Uncle Ben. Because Uncle Ben feels his st range behavior, so he follows him and that make the tragedy of the depredator shoots Uncle Ben. Meeting with the Mentor- Dr. Connors is a mentor to him when it comes to science. Another crucial mentor is Uncle Ben of course. Hence, he gives a big make up ones mind on Peter, and when he dies, Peter is pushed to his limits.Crossing the Threshold- Because of the death of Uncle Ben, Peter pushed himself into the Special World. Peter tries to hunt the brigand who murdered Uncle Ben. Test, Allies, Enemies- When Peter fights crime, he confronts criminals and makes enemies. At school, he developed a friendship with Gwen. His tests are increase in difficulty Dr. Connors displayed a semblance of friendship toward him, but as his identity shifts into the lizard, this will change. Captain Stacy, Gwens father, shows an antagonistic attitude toward Peter and his alter-ego. Approach- Spiderman tries to stop the creature on the bridge. The Lizard got a big fight atMidtown Science high School, a nd Peter tries to stop him with Gwens help. Ordeal- Spiderman was shot by a police bullet that stuns him electrically. It is a hard time to Spiderman to fight his way out, reveals his identity to Captain Stacy. Reward- Captain Stacy lets him go, showing his trust in Peter. Resurrection- The Lizard is strong and powerful. Captain Stacy and Peter Parker finally work together to restrict the activities and take the Lizard down. Return with the Elixir- Dr. Connors has been returned back to normal. He has saved Gwen, but Captain Stacy was killed. As he dies, he asks Peter to keep Gwen out of his life to protect her.It is not only a promise to Captain Stacy, but also in a carton of eggs. He is a different person, and even though he may not have all of the answers he wanted, he has larn to put others ahead of himself during the search. The Elixir Peter Parker has brought back from his journey is that of a new hero. He is no longer just Peter Parker, fatherless teenager. He is Spider-Man. (Milles). Peter Andrew Garfield who is the actor of Spiderman did a good contrast in the movie because it is a challenge to an actor to have a big different from being a normal person to an amazing ultimate hero.Andrew Garfield can express and show on his face that the inner features of Spiderman to the audience. Honestly, the only person I do not satisfy is Emma Stone, who is the actress of Gwen Stacy, and I reckon many of the commends on the internet board criticize that she has not done a great job on her part. For instance, there is a frightening scene that she is holding a knife hiding when Dr. Connors has become the Lizard and chasing her. I am sorry to say that, but I cannot feel any scary moment in the scene. For the love scene, I do not think she acts like a spouse of Peter Parker.Also, she did not have the interaction with her family show that she is rebellious. The plot is moving smooth and clear when I follow along to the heros journey. Refer to the heros journey, the p lot is developed and excited. I would not find any boring scene in the entire movie. When I watched along with it, I would have many unexpected things happen, and really influence the audience to keep watching on it. Moreover, the music composer of the movie is James Horner. Indeed, he is a great composer of film music. James Horner also composes some great movies much(prenominal) as Titanic and Avatar.He is currently as famous as John Williams and the music they be does make the audience impressed. His music moved the audience, and there is no doubt that film music is so significant because we are not only watching the screen, but listen to the music also. Amazing Spiderman is well-developed movie as following the classic heros journey. It does make the audience easy to follow and a feeling of unexpected. Also, the action scene is exciting to watch. Even though I know it is not real, but I really get into it. Furthermore, the music do influence the audience and no movie can negle ct music because it is an crucial tools.

The Rise Of The Papacy In Rome

The Rise Of The pontificate In capital of ItalyThe ascendancy of the bishop of Rome all over the whole of the Catholic perform, an institution recognized as the papacy, took centuries to grow. During the first few hundred old age of the perform, the title pontiff, which denotes father, was applied for any important and esteemed bishop. Furthermore, the bishop of Rome was one of a number of material bishops in Christendom.Rome had always been treasured for her relationship with Paul and bastard and her stand as the Church in the Empires capital. This was particularly noticed after Christianity was made legal under(a) Constantine which made the importance of that view grow further with each passing roman bishop. The dogma of the berth of the pope ultimately reached its tip in the late 13th century, when Pope Boniface VIII asserted full spectral and non-religious authority over every human being.1Rome prior to Pope GregoryIn 535 it was invaded by an army move by the empero r Justinian to bring it back under the control of the roman print Empire, the capital of which was now Constantinople.The warf atomic number 18 amongst the Ostrogoths and the Empire lasted for some twenty years, devastating the countryside and disrupting social organization.546 the city lay uninhabited for cardinal days. The final victory of the imperial forces left Italy dangerously open to the attentions of another Germanic group, the Lombards. In 568, under their king Alboin, they made their way into Italy, and by force of arms steadily established themselves over close of the peninsula.During Pope Gregory regin Gregory the Great whos life culminated in his holding the king of pope (590604). line of popes whom assumed office after Pelagius I (556-561) who was unworthy Pope but was forced on the Church by Justinian.He is more often than not regarded as one of the outstanding guesss in the long. The empire was unstable and Byzantine power had greatly subsided.1 This was t he introduction into which Gregory, who was drawn to monasticism, was born. Gregory had an interesting and refreshing outlook on missions. He was spurred on to his first missions project in response to the king of Lombard refusing baptism for his subjects.He renewed the church using Benedictine principles. The Bishop of Rome had an immediate seismic disturbance on believers by reformed congregational worship by introducing choirs in order to read liturgy, he raised the standard of education of the clergy, and an emphasized in preaching. He took the task of protecting Rome from the Lombard panic that lasted in treaty that lasted for a short time period. This was only one treaty of many since Gregory negotiated treaties with some(prenominal) barbarian kings which helped take political steps to protect the Christian community by being washed-up by war. This helped him become the first Pope to act as a temporal ruler which last came part of the Papal States. Gregory the Great est ablished the pattern of church government in England that had everyone being administer by someone higher. He also started missionary work that spread out of his arena.Part of the reason was he was labeled the Great had to do with his influential writings that impacted the Middle ages.7 Also, during his time as pope, he was an advocate of clerical celibacy.8 Furthermore, he was instrumental in the conversion of the Visigothic King Rec ard to Nicene Catholicism in SpainThrough research we have discovered that the position of Pope gained great determine and power something that has yet to stop. It essential be noted that Gregory was the first Pope with a monastic background he made a mark in history. Gregory used strategies such as connections with the Byzantine elite, which arranged him to become well known among the speed classBishops in the Early ChurchDuring the early periods of Christianity, five cities arose as significant core of Christianity. These were Rome, capital of Israel, Antioch, Constantinople and Alexandria. charge though the Roman Church was highly regarded, the Churches in the East in general had more influence and numbers than those of the West. Following the granting of legal status to Christianity by the Decree of Milan, the church took up the same political structure as the Empire whereby geographical provinces were ruled by bishops. These bishops of gravestone cities therefore rose in power.2Rome wasnt only the city that could profess to have had a unique responsibility in Christs Church. Jerusalem had the reputation of being the city of Christs death and resurrection. Furthermore, a significant church council took place there in the first century. Antioch was the location where the followers of Jesus were first called Christians. Alexandria was an important early inwardness of Christian belief. Constantinople highly-developed into a very significant city after Constantine shifted his capital there in 330 AD.3Nevertheless, by th e one-fifth century, the bishop of Rome started claiming his superiority over all other bishops. Moreover, several church fathers made this claim for him as well.Why Rome?Romes association with Peter was the main spiritual reason its ultimate dominance. According to customs, Peter visited Rome all through his life and, more significantly, was martyred there. This is affirmed by the belief that his remains atomic number 18 below the St. Peters Basilica in Vatican City. St. Paul was thought to have been martyred in Rome as well.The volume of the claims for the popes authority are supported by one major argument- the so called Petrine theory. Affirmed by the Council of Florence in 1439, outlined as a subject of faith by the First Vatican Council in 1870, and approved by the Second Vatican Council in 1964, Jesus Christ bestowed the position of Primacy in the church upon Peter only. The First Vatican Council base their claim on a classical New Testament text long linked with it. In M athew 16, Jesus inquires from his disciples who they believe he is. Peter says, You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God. Jesus responds Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I impart build my church, and the gates of Hades will not spank it. I will give you the paints of the kingdom of heaven whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.4Given that the word Peter stands for rock, the above stated verse has been taken by the Roman Catholic Church to mean that Peter was charged with the task of overseeing the formation of Gods Church, had spiritual power over it which he passed on to successive Popes (Protestants disagree that the rock signifies not only to Peter but to his admission of faith.) surplus biblical support for their claim has been found in the Gospel of John, whereby the resurrecte d Jesus directs Peter to feed my sheep. An vision of St. Peter watching over the gates of heaven has its origin from the Matthew 16 passage.5The Bishop of Rome was one of the most(prenominal) significant Bishops of Western Europe up until the Reformation due to a number of factors. Being the city which lay claim to having the first martyr, (Peter), Rome was the historical capital of the empire and a politically key city, so it was expected that the bishop of the city would in addition be important. Furthermore, the pope was the most dominant figure that remained in Rome after the capital of the empire was moved to Constantinople by Constantine. The Bishop of Rome claimed control over all other bishops and Christians based on biblical passages, but some of it was as a import of political and cultural realities. In Western Europe, there existed no other cities to rival Rome vainglorious the Roman Bishop automatic prestige. In the east however, there were rivals such as Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem. The bishop of Constantinople never did stoop to Roman claims. Additional prestige on Rome was as a result of tradition. It was a city of martyrs. The early persecutions, initiated by Nero, occurred at Rome. In addition, Peter was martyred at Rome. As preferably observed, Rome was the solitary city in the Western hemisphere of the Empire while the rest (four) were found in the Eastern region of the Empire. As the two areas became increasingly culturally and politically advanced, the eastern region was in charge of decisions concerning the church and political life whereas Rome was sought out regarding decisions of vital nature, whether it be of political or religious side.6In addition, the barbarian attacks of the fifth century were significant. Leo I, considered by many as the first pope in the modern sense, was influential in convincing Attila the Hun not to attack Rome in 452. When it finally fell to the Vandals in 455, Leo persuaded their leader not to set the city on fire. These endeavors further added to the prestige to the bishop of Rome.Besides, when Rome fell to the barbarians in 455 AD, the church grew to be the defender of order, justice, and the remainder of civilization. The bishop of Rome was active in recapturing the harmony and steadiness that had been crushed by the attacks. Compared to the West, the Eastern side of the empire endured for another 1000 years, thereof the bishops there didnt match the political significance as their Roman counterparts.7The reality of Rome being the center of political and religious power indoors Western Europe had some positive ramifications. Firstly, the Christian cause was broadened and Rome was viewed by not only Western Europe as the key voice and power point of Christianity, owing in large part to the Catholic Church, but in addition accepted by the people who lived in the Eastern region of Europe. Rome accorded the bishops the chance to petition resolutions that were made, in regarding their standing and obligation as men of faith. Many bishops that were given judgment that they sensed were unfair petitioned their case to the Roman uncanny authority at the time.8The reality of Rome being the center of political and religious power within Western Europe had also negative positive ramifications. In time, the lines started to blur and it became difficult to differentiate between the responsibility of the church and government. There existed the feudal system that echoed the spiritual chain of command that had been advocated for by earlier theologians. This practice gave rights to landowners, allowing their servants to till the land in exchange for imbursement of wages or debt. In spite of this, cockeyed persons arose who had servants that were obliged to them. This reached a point where it became a never-ending cycle of assistance with little to no disaster of ever being set free of their gained obligations. The church as well started to f unction in a way that was not planned by the founding fathers, for instance abbots being married. The lowest point of the Papacy occurred when at some point in when Stephen VI was in office, a trial took place where his predecessor, who had passed absent 3 days earlier, was taken before a council, found guilty and dragged through the city. After the ordeal, he was buried in a common grave. Subsequently his papal robes were taken and his fingers cut off.9Whereas Rome was the key voice of the Catholic Church, the church faced many challenges leading up to the Reformation.