Research paper about business problems Assignment

Research paper about business problems - Assignment Example Now, in order to solve this problem, I thought, the decision matrix would be the best possible solution. The matrix has been based on the criteria such as quality, price and the time of delivery. The below plotted matrix will be decision based matrix and the further evaluation will follow the matrix. Based on the decision matrix above, it is clear that Supplier 2 is the best from all the aspects and they are also meeting the two criteria of fast delivery and good quality. Based on this analysis, we decided to go ahead with Supplier 2 to get the best possible solution to our problem. The first situation is the case of Kelloggs and General Mills. We need to comment on the revenues generated by the two companies in order to find out which one as an organization is a better performer. The second situation is that where a healthcare organization which has its own medicines, needs to select on a supplier based on the quality, time of delivery and charges of the boxes that are required on an urgent basis. As discussed above, the problem out here lies within the two organization. Kelloggs is a well known brand in the FMCG industry and General Mills is equally popular. Both of the firms have been in the industry for quite a long time, but we have to find out which of the two are performing better financially. The second case is that a healthcare organization where I used to work previously. The organization is going through a crisis situation. They have their own medicines, but they do not have the boxes required to pack the medicines in order to sell it to the patients. In a such a situation, several suppliers have been approached and we have noted down the delivery details of each of the suppliers. Now the problem still remains as to which of, them should we choose for the delivery. Since we need to find the financial performance of Kelloggs and General Mills, the best possible solution is to go through their

Financial Statement Analysis Project Research Paper

Financial Statement Analysis Project - Research Paper Example In 2011 the cash and investment balances of the company rose to $125 million due to the initial public offering made in the year 1997. Financial Information of Company The company’s performance in case of the operating activities has been good enough but the same cannot be said as far as Amazon’s financial and investing activities are concerned because the company is showing a negative return of $482 million (financing activities) and $1930 million (investing activities) in 2011. This decrease was mainly the affect of the capital expenditures and the changes in the working capital over the year. Rising net sales of the company which by approximately 41% than the last year due to the effect of the exchange rates. But the effect of the rising sales were diluted due to the increase in the operating expenses of the company which resulted in the net income of Amazon to dip from $1152 million (2010) to $631 million (2011). Summary of the Firm Markets Market of operation for A mazon is mainly in North America, US and Canada. The common stock of Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) is dealt in Nasdaq Global Select Market. In 2010 amazon.com has witnessed a high of $185.65 in the fourth quarter and a low of $105.80 in the third quarter whereas in 2011 Amazon witnessed a high of $246.71 in the fourth quarter and a low of $160.59 in the first quarter. ... cation where the Amazon.com makes most of its business is North America, US, Canada, UK, France Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, China and soon is going to launch websites in Poland, Sweden and Netherlands. Amazon.com has its services stations in prime areas of North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia. The global headquarters of Amason.com is situated in Seattle in Washington. Partners The main strategic partners of Amazon.com were America Online, Yahoo, Netscape, GeoCities, AltaVista, @Home and Prodigy maintaining a long-term relationship since the year 2007. Competitors The main competitors in the field of online trading in comparison to Amazon.com, Inc. are Apple Inc., Barnes & Noble, Inc. As the gross profit of Amazon is 22.76% whereas in case of Apple Inc. is 43.95% and Barnes & Noble’s, Inc. is 26.52%. Comparative Analysis The company chosen for the comparative analysis with the Amazon.com, Inc. are EBay, Inc. and Google, Inc. because both the companies of comparison b elong to the same industry (Catalogue and Mail Order Houses) dealing in the Nasdaq market. Net Income of Amazon.com, Inc. is $560 million whereas that of EBay, Inc. is $3.32 billion and Google, Inc. is $10.83 million. Thus being a giant in the field of online trading Amazon.com is a clear winner. The higher the price earnings ratio of the company higher is its growth rate. Price earnings ratio of Amazon.com, Inc. is 180.41, in comparison to EBay, Inc. which has a P/E ratio of 16.15 and Google, Inc. with a P/E ratio of 17.59. This proved that the stocks of Amazon.com, Inc. are much more preferable in comparison to EBay, Inc. and Google, Inc. The price to sales ratio of a company projects that lower the P/S ratio of the company the better it is as the investor has to pay less. Price to sales ratio

Research paper about business problems Assignment

Research paper about business problems - Assignment Example Now, in order to solve this problem, I thought, the decision matrix would be the best possible solution. The matrix has been based on the criteria such as quality, price and the time of delivery. The below plotted matrix will be decision based matrix and the further evaluation will follow the matrix. Based on the decision matrix above, it is clear that Supplier 2 is the best from all the aspects and they are also meeting the two criteria of fast delivery and good quality. Based on this analysis, we decided to go ahead with Supplier 2 to get the best possible solution to our problem. The first situation is the case of Kelloggs and General Mills. We need to comment on the revenues generated by the two companies in order to find out which one as an organization is a better performer. The second situation is that where a healthcare organization which has its own medicines, needs to select on a supplier based on the quality, time of delivery and charges of the boxes that are required on an urgent basis. As discussed above, the problem out here lies within the two organization. Kelloggs is a well known brand in the FMCG industry and General Mills is equally popular. Both of the firms have been in the industry for quite a long time, but we have to find out which of the two are performing better financially. The second case is that a healthcare organization where I used to work previously. The organization is going through a crisis situation. They have their own medicines, but they do not have the boxes required to pack the medicines in order to sell it to the patients. In a such a situation, several suppliers have been approached and we have noted down the delivery details of each of the suppliers. Now the problem still remains as to which of, them should we choose for the delivery. Since we need to find the financial performance of Kelloggs and General Mills, the best possible solution is to go through their

Frank Too Big Too Ignore Essay Example for Free

Frank Too Big Too Ignore Essay Income Inequality: Too Big to Ignore Summary Robert Frank, a professer at Cornell University, published an article for the New York Times on October 16, 2010. The title of the article was Income Inequality: Too Big to Ignore. In Income Inequality: Too Big to Ignore, Frank argues that there are differences in the social classes of the American people and that it is having a negative effect on our economys growth. Frank explains that middle class citizens are in a struggle to maintain a good financial position. Meanwhile, the upper class citizens are spending copious amounts of money which makes it increasingly more difficult for the middle class to meet their basic needs. He says that the middle class are looking toward upper class citizens, comparing their posesions as well as their financial positions which makes the middle class feel financially unstable. Frank explains that the income gap between the classes are causing distress on marriages of American citizens. He states that divorce rates rise when people are in financial distress. in conjunction with finincial uneasyness, Frank explains that the willingness to ignore infrastructure is an effect as well as the relocation of lower class families to places that are further away from their places of employment. Frank concludes by how the income gap is not only unfair, but that it would be unwise to continue on the current path of income inequality. Connections Frank has a very bleak view of the economic status of America in which he shares with Herbert. One of the main evidences of this point is the comparison of Franks quote in which he states By contrast, during the last three decades, the economy has grown much more slowly, and our infrastructure has fallen into grave disrepair. (580) with Herberts quote It will likely take many years, perhaps a decade or more, to get employment back to a level at which one could fairly say the economy is thriving. (564) In comparison between Frank and Thomas, each author believes that there is something wrong with the system and that the American people need to do something about it. This can be justified within Thomas and Franks articles. Frank states No one dares to argue that rising inequality is required in the name of fairness. So maybe we should just agree that its a bad thing and try to do something about it.(584). Thomas explains We must also understand what got us here and the path that leads upward. (570) Frank can also agree with Brandon King in the fact that America is still repairable. King states If the Great Recession has taught us anything, it is that planning for the future by saving more and enacting policies that sustain economic growth are what will keep the American Dream alive. In comparison, Frank believes that we need to consult the problem in order to repair it.

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Infection Rates in Pregnant Women

Malaria and Typhoid Fever Infection Rates in Pregnant Women Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhiCo- infection Among Pregnant Women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. Okonkwo, E. C., Nwele, D. E., Nworie, O., Agumah, N. B., Orji, J. O.and1Nwuzo, A. C.   Abstract Malaria and typhoid fever are both endemic in the tropics and pregnant women constitute one of the high risk groups. This study was carried out to determine the rate of malaria-typhoid co-infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. About120 volunteer pregnant women were recruited during routine antenatal. Malaria infection was determined by qualitative immunodiagnostic assay and confirmed by microscopic examination of thick and thin giemsa stained slides.Typhoid infection was determined by Widalagglutination method and confirmed by stool culture. Out of 120 pregnant women studied, 49 (40.8%) were positive for malaria parasite and equally had significant titre of salmonella antibiotics. Of the 120 stool samples cultured 29 (24.2%) were positive for salmonella. Thus, the overall rate of malaria-typhoid co-infection was 12.5% by both Widalagglutination and stool culture methods. The co-infection of malaria and ty phoid in pregnancy has a profound effect on adverse pregnancy outcome. Weadvocate for routine screening and treatment of infected pregnant women. Keywords: Co-infection, Malaria and Typhoid, Pregnant Women, Ebony State, Nigeria INTRODUCTION Malaria and typhoid fever (caused by plasmodium falciparum and salmonellaspp respectively) are both diseases of public health importance which are endemic in both tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria. The association between typhoid and malaria was first described in medical literature in the middle of the 19th century by the United States Army and was erroneously called â€Å"typho-malaria fever† (Smith, 2002). Recent studies in Africa seem to corroborate the relationship between malaria and typhoid fever (Ammahetal., 2009). It is noteworthy that the socio-economic and environmental condition that tend to sustain high prevalence of malaria in endemic areas also favour the transmission of salmonellatyphi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. (Prasannaetal., 2011) The World Health organization has estimated that in 1995, 219 million cases of malaria were documented with about 1.2 million deaths (Brabin 1983). Malaria infection often presents with head ache, fever, shivering, arthralgia (joint pain), vomiting, hemolytic anaemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria and retinal damage (Brabin, 1983; Gills etal., 1999). Complications of malaria involve respiratory distress, which occurs in up to 25% of adults and 40% of children. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) may develop in 5-25% in adults and up to 29% of pregnant women, although it is rare in young children (Isibor, et. al., 2011). Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to malaria infection. In Sub-Sahara Africa, maternal malaria is associated with up to 200,000 estimated infant deaths yearly (Isiboretal., 2011). Typhoid fever is considered a particular risk in pregnancy because of reduced peristaltic activity in the gastro-intestinal and biliary tracts and increased prevalence of biliary â€Å"sludge† (Bashyametal., 2007). Materials and method Area The study was carried out at the antenatal clinic, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Study population The study involved pregnant women who had fever by the time of their visit to the hospital. Sample collection Intravenous blood sample (5ml) was collected from each participant. The samples were stored in refrigerator after collection and were processed within six hours. Stool samples were also collected from participants using sterile universal containers. Determination of malaria infection This was carried out using antigen Rapid Test Device method as well as Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smear for microscopic detection of P. Falciparum. Both procedures were carried out as described by Cheesbrough, (2002). Widal test Widal agglutination test was performed on all malaria positive blood samples using commercial antigen suspension and the procedure was as described by the manufacturer. Also stool culture was done to further confirm S. Typhi. 10ml of selenite- F broth was added to 3g of the stool sample and mixed vigorously, and then incubated at 37oc for 24hours. Thereafter, a loopful of the sample was inoculated onto salmonella-stigella agar medium and incubated at 370c for 24 hours to get discreet colonies (Lactose fermenters were confirmed by pink colonies on SSA). The colonies were Gram stained and further subjected to biochemical analysis. Results Out of the 120 pregnant women at their different stages of pregnancy that participated in this present study, 49 (40.9%) were positive for malaria, while 29(24.2) tested positive for S. typhi. Malaria infection was highest during the first trimester (16.7%) while S. typhi was more prevalent during the third trimester. The overall malaria and typhoid fever co-infection showed a prevalence of 12.5% (see table 1). Table 1: prevalence of P. falciparum and S. typhi among women in different stages of pregnancy Stages of pregnancy N0 examined P. falciparum S. typhi Co-infection 1st trimester 40 20(16.7%) 8(6.7%) 5(4.2%) 2nd trimester 30 11(9.2%) 6(5%) 4(3.3%) 3rd trimester 50 18(15%) 15(12.5%) 6(5%) Total 120 49(40.9%) 29(24.2%) 15(12.5%) Table 2 and 3 below shows the comparative methods employed during this study. Both RDT and Microscopy methods were considered desirable as they gave positive result P. falciparumat all stages. Similarly, both widal test and culture methods gave confirmatory positive results for S. typhi. Table 2 comparative test for malaria using rapid diagnostic test and microscopy. Stage of pregnancy RDT (%) Microscopy (%) Number examined 1st 20(16.7) 20(16.7) 40 2nd 11(9.2) 11(9.2) 30 3rd 18(15) 18(15) 50 Total 49(40.9) 49(40.9) 120 Table 3 comparative Test for S. typhi by the widal and culture methods stages of pregnancy Widal (%) Stool culture (%) Number examined 1st 8(6.7) 8(6.7) 40 2nd 6(5) 6(5) 30 3rd 15(12.5) 15(12.5) 50 Total 29(24.2) 29(24.2) 120 Discussion Malaria and its co-infection with typhoid fever is a major public health problem in pregnant women in Nigeria. The malaria prevalence rate of 40.9% observed in the present study suggests high endemicity and transmission of malaria parasite. The high prevalence suggests increased susceptibility of pregnant women to malaria infection often due to induced immunosuppression (Ndukaetal., 206). The high prevalence could also be attributed to lack of adequate preventive measures being adopted by the pregnant women. Pregnant women in their first trimester were more infected with malaria as recorded in this study and this was in line with the earlier findings of Ukibeetal., (2008). This could attributedto the absence of medical facility or the inability of the pregnant women to register for antenatal on time. The prevalence of malaria-typhoid co-infection among the pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in this study was 12.5%. This is comparable to previous reports (Akinyemietal., 2007; Prasanna, 2011). The observed prevalence suggests that typhoid fever is a common co-infection in malaria infected women in this part of the country. The reduction of cellular and humoral immunity which occurs in pregnancy renders pregnant women susceptible to other infections including typhoid fever (Scholarpurka, etal., 2000). Malaria infected pregnant women are said to be more prone to typhoid fever because of the increased heamolysis in malaria which is said to increase the availability of iron in the tissue especially the liver and salmonella species are believed to thrive more in iron rich tissues (Kaye and Hook, 2003). It is pertinent to note that both typhoid and malaria in pregnant women present with management problems since most drugs used in the treatment of both diseases are contra-indicate d in pregnancy. Also both diseases have been associated with pregnancy outcomes such as premature deliveries, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight and intra-uterine foetal deaths (Nasemetal., 2008). The transmission of P. falciparium and S. Typhi is affected by environmental factors such as poor environmental sanitation, poor housing and inadequate safe water supply. This could be reason for the high prevalence since majority of the pregnant women were rural dwellers. Te use of insecticide treated net, safe water supply and personal hygiene as well as early registration for antenatal clinic of pregnant women are advocated. Reference Akinyemi,K.O, Bamiro, B.S and Coker, H,O (2007). Salmonellosis in Lagos, Nigeria. Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria associated co- infection, patterns of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of induced susceptibility to fluoroquinolines. Journalof Health Popul Nuttri, 25: 351-358. Bashyam, H. (2007).Surviving malaria, dying of typhoid.J.Exp Med.204 (12): 2774. Brabin, B. J. (1983). An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa.Bull WHO, 61:1005-1016. Cheesbrough, M. (2002). District Laboratory practice in tropical countries. Part1. Cambridge press, London.Pp.211-214. Gills, H. M., Lawson, J. B., Silbelos, M., Voller, A.And Allan, N. (1999).Malaria, anaemia, and pregnancy.Ann.Tropparasitolol. 63: 245-263. Isibor, J. O., Igun, E., Okodua, M., Akhite, A. O. and Isibor, E. (2011).Co-infection with malaria parasite and salmonella typhi in patients in Benin City, Nigeria.Ann Biol Res. 2(2): 361-365. Kaye, D. and Hook, E.W. (2003).The influence of heamolysis or blood loss on susceptibility to infection.Journal of immunology. 91: 65-75. Khan, M. A., Mekan, S. F., Abbas, Z.And Smego, R. A. (2005).Concurrent malaria and enteric fever in Pakistan.Singapore. Med J. 46: 625-628. Nasem, S. Anwar, S.and Ihsanullah, M. (2008). Outcome and complications of malaria in pregnancy.Gomal J med Sci; 6(2): 98-101. Nduka, F.O.,Egbu, A., Okafor, C. and Naogo, V.O. (2006).Prevalence of malaria parasite.Inter J trop Med. pub Health. 2(1): 1-11. Prasanna, P. (2011). Co-infection of typhoid and malaria.J Med. Lab Diag. 2 (3) 22 -26. Scholarpurka, S. C., Mahajar, R.C., Gupta, A.N. and Wangoo, A. (2000).Cellular immunity in pregnant and non-pregnant women with malaria infection.Asia Oceania J ObseGyncol. 16: 27-32. Smith, D.C. (2002). The rise and fall of typhomalaria fever.J Hist Med Allied sci. 37:182-220. Ukibe, S.N., Mbanugo, J.J. and Ukibe, N.R. (2008). Prevalence of malaria and increasing spleen rate in children aged 0-13 years in Awka South Local Government area of Anambra state, Nigeria J Environ Health, 5(2): 64-69.

Eradicating the Deaf-World Essay -- Hearing Auditory Essays

Eradicating the Deaf-World Just like members of other minorities, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, Deaf people experience some of the same oppression and hardships. Although the attempts to "fix" members of and obliterate the DEAF-WORLD are not as highly publicized as problems with other minorities, they still exist. Throughout time, hearing people have been trying to destroy the DEAF-WORLD with the eugenics movement, the mainstreaming of Deaf children into public hearing schools, and cochlear implants. Overall, the eugenics movement was meant to discourage Deaf people from socializing, intermarrying, and reproducing with each other. But these goals are very much unachievable. When Deaf children are growing up in a residential school, they have no choice but to socialize with other Deaf children. Since they all pretty much use the same language, socialization is not a problem for them. Because these children grow up with others who use their language, they tend to remain close to their friends and often intermarry. Many people, including A. G. Bell, were opposed to Deaf marrying other Deaf. Bell said that sign language "causes the intermarriage of deaf-mutes and the propagation of their physical defect" (Lane, 1996:382). Bell also claimed that society was condoning the spread of "a defective race of human beings" by allowing Deaf people to socialize with each other (Jankowski, 1997:53). Since others too saw deafness as a physical defect, they agreed with Bell and started adopting or al schools for the Deaf where signed language is prohibited. If oral schools ended up being the only schools for Deaf, then their signed languages would have diminished along with a part of their heritage and culture. A long time ago, m... ...eliminated. The eugenic movement, mainstreaming, and cochlear implants have yet to prove that the culture of Deaf people can be taken away from them, which is ultimately a wonderful thing. Bibliography Jankowski, Katherine A. (1997). Deaf Empowerment: Emergence, Strugge, and Rhetoric. Gallaudet University Press, Washington DC. Lane, Harlan (1992). â€Å"Cochlear Implants are Wrong for Young Deaf Children.† Viewpoints on Deafness. Ed. Mervin D. Garretson. National Association of the Deaf, Silver Spring, MD. 89-92. Lane, Harlan; Hoffmeister, Rob and Bahan, Ben (1996). A Journey Into the DEAF-WORLD. Dawn Sign Press, San Diego, Ca. Padden, Carol and Humphries, Tom (1988). Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Sacks, Oliver (1990). Seeing Voices: A Journey Into the World of the Deaf. Harper Perennial, New York, NY.

Coaxial Cable :: Networks Telecommunications

Introduction Coaxial cable: is an electrical cable consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an insulating spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath, usually surrounded by a final insulating layer. It is used as a high-frequency transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal. Sometimes DC power (called bias) is added to the signal to supply the equipment at the other end, as in direct broadcast satellite receivers. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields. Coaxial cables may be rigid or flexible. Rigid types have a solid sheath, while flexible types have a braided sheath, both usually of thin copper wire. The inner insulator, also called the dielectric, has a significant effect on the cable's properties, such as its characteristic impedance and its attenuation. The dielectric may be solid or perforated with air spaces. Connections to the ends of coaxial cables are usually made with RF connectors. Radio-grade flexible coaxial cable. A: outer plastic sheath B: copper screen C: inner dielectric insulator D: copper core There are two types of coaxial cables: 1. Thinnet 2. Thicknet Thinnet Also known as "Thin Ethernet" or Thinnet, 10BASE-2 is an IEEE standard for baseband Ethernet at 10MBps over thick coaxial cable. 10Base2 has a maximum distance of 185 meters. Thin Ethernet is five millimeters in diameter and used to connect machines up to 1,000 feet apart. Thinnet (thin Ethernet) is an incarnation of the Ethernet standard in which coaxial cables are used in a LAN (local-area network) configuration to connect computers together. A Thinnet setup is capable of transmitting data at a rate of 10Mbps (megabits per second). It is also cheaper and easier to install than Thicknet. The first variation on the original variety of Ethernet was simply to use a thinner coaxial cable and relax the constraints on how and where transceivers can connect. 10BASE-2 does this with coaxial cable that looks just like the cable used for receiving cable television or hooking up a television set to an antenna. The only difference in the cable itself is the impedance rating. A television cable is rated at 75 ohms and a 10BASE-2 cable is rated at 50 ohms. In a pinch, a small length of one can be substituted for the other. The connectors used in 10BASE-2 are called BNC connectors for Berkeley Nucleonics Co.: they were originally used in nuclear physics.